Model Dmitri, Guestrin Elias D, Eizenman Moshe
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:4751-4. doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5334183.
Remote gaze estimation systems use calibration procedures to estimate subject-specific parameters that are needed for the calculation of the point-of-gaze. In these procedures, subjects are required to fixate on a specific point or points at specific time instances. Advanced remote gaze estimation systems can estimate the optical axis of the eye without any personal calibration procedure, but use a single calibration point to estimate the angle between the optical axis and the visual axis (line-of-sight). This paper presents a novel automatic calibration procedure that does not require active user participation. To estimate the angles between the optical and visual axes of each eye, this procedure minimizes the distance between the intersections of the visual axes of the left and right eyes with the surface of a display while subjects look naturally at the display (e.g., watching a video clip). Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the algorithm improves as the range of viewing angles increases. For a subject sitting 75 cm in front of an 80 cm x 60 cm display (40" TV) the standard deviation of the error in the estimation of the angles between the optical and visual axes is 0.5 degrees.
远程凝视估计系统使用校准程序来估计计算凝视点所需的特定于个体的参数。在这些程序中，要求受试者在特定的时间点注视一个或多个特定点。先进的远程凝视估计系统无需任何个人校准程序即可估计眼睛的光轴，但使用单个校准点来估计光轴与视轴（视线）之间的角度。本文提出了一种无需用户主动参与的新型自动校准程序。为了估计每只眼睛的光轴与视轴之间的角度，该程序在受试者自然地看着显示器（例如观看视频片段）时，将左右眼视轴与显示器表面的交点之间的距离最小化。仿真结果表明，随着视角范围的增加，该算法的性能会提高。对于坐在80厘米×60厘米显示器（40英寸电视）前75厘米处的受试者，光轴与视轴之间角度估计误差的标准差为0.5度。
