Cronin-Golomb A, Corkin S, Rizzo J F, Cohen J, Growdon J H, Banks K S
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
Ann Neurol. 1991 Jan;29(1):41-52. doi: 10.1002/ana.410290110.
In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), compared with age-matched and young healthy control subjects, visual deficits in the following functions were observed: color, stereoacuity, contrast sensitivity, and backward masking (homogeneous and pattern). Critical flicker fusion thresholds were normal, relative to age-matched healthy subjects. For color, the majority of the errors were tritanomalous (blue axis). Color and stereoacuity deficits were unrelated to severity of dementia, in accordance with models of vision that describe these functions as modular rather than diffuse for cortical localization. Although contrast sensitivity was depressed throughout the frequency range in AD, more patients were impaired at low than at high spatial frequencies, contrasting with the observed normal aging pattern of high-frequency loss. Healthy elderly subjects showed depressed critical flicker fusion thresholds and reduced contrast sensitivity at high frequencies, relative to the young group; differences between these groups were not found for the other vision tests. A subset of the AD group received detailed neuro-ophthalmological examination, and no abnormalities were found. This finding, taken together with normal thresholds for critical flicker fusion, suggests that the widespread visual dysfunction reported here is more likely to be related to known pathological changes in primary visual and association cortex in AD than to changes in the retina or optic nerve.
在阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者中，与年龄匹配的健康对照受试者和年轻健康对照受试者相比，观察到以下视觉功能存在缺陷：颜色、立体视敏度、对比敏感度和反向掩蔽（均匀和图案）。相对于年龄匹配的健康受试者，临界闪烁融合阈值正常。对于颜色，大多数错误是蓝色轴上的蓝色异常。颜色和立体视敏度缺陷与痴呆严重程度无关，这与将这些功能描述为模块化而非弥漫性皮质定位的视觉模型一致。尽管AD患者在整个频率范围内对比敏感度均降低，但低频受损的患者多于高频受损的患者，这与观察到的高频损失的正常衰老模式相反。相对于年轻组，健康老年受试者的临界闪烁融合阈值降低，高频对比敏感度降低；在其他视力测试中未发现这些组之间的差异。AD组的一部分受试者接受了详细的神经眼科检查，未发现异常。这一发现与临界闪烁融合的正常阈值相结合，表明此处报告的广泛视觉功能障碍更可能与AD患者初级视觉和联合皮质中已知的病理变化有关，而不是与视网膜或视神经的变化有关。
