Environmental & Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, USA.
New Phytol. 2010 Feb;185(3):631-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03110.x. Epub 2009 Dec 3.
Despite the fact that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations are among the most ancient, abundant and important symbioses in terrestrial ecosystems, there are currently few unifying theories that can be used to help understand the factors that control their structure and function. This review explores how a stoichiometric perspective facilitates integration of three complementary ecological and evolutionary models of mycorrhizal structure and function. AM symbiotic function should be governed by the relative availability of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (trade balance model) and allocation to plant and fungal structures should depend on the availabilities of these resources (functional equilibrium model). Moreover, in an evolutionary framework, communities of plants and AM fungi are predicted to adapt to each other and their local soil environment (co-adaptation model). Anthropogenic enrichment of essential resources in the environment is known to impact AM symbioses. A more predictive theory of AM structure and function will help us to better understand how these impacts may influence plant communities and ecosystem properties.
尽管丛枝菌根（AM）共生体是陆地生态系统中最古老、最丰富和最重要的共生体之一，但目前很少有统一的理论可以用来帮助理解控制其结构和功能的因素。本综述探讨了化学计量学观点如何促进对丛枝菌根结构和功能的三个互补生态和进化模型的整合。AM 共生功能应受碳、氮和磷相对可用性的控制（贸易平衡模型），并且植物和真菌结构的分配应取决于这些资源的可用性（功能平衡模型）。此外，在进化框架中，植物和 AM 真菌群落预计会相互适应及其当地的土壤环境（共同适应模型）。已知人为富集环境中的必需资源会影响 AM 共生体。对 AM 结构和功能的更具预测性的理论将帮助我们更好地理解这些影响可能如何影响植物群落和生态系统特性。
