College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, 23-1 Wolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-714, Republic of Korea.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Apr;24(3):872-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.001. Epub 2009 Dec 5.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely applied in many household products and medical uses. However, studies on the effects of AgNPs on human health and environmental implications are in the beginning stage. Furthermore, most data on the toxicity of AgNPs have been generated using nanoparticles modified with detergents to prevent agglomeration, which may alter their toxicities. In this study, we studied toxicity using AgNPs prepared by dispersing them in fetal bovine serum (FBS), biocompatible materials. AgNPs (average size; 68.9 nm, concentrations; 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 ppm, exposure time; 24, 48, 72, and 96h) showed cytotoxicity to cultured RAW264.7 cells by increasing sub G1 fraction, which indicates cellular apoptosis. AgNPs decreased intracellular glutathione level, increased NO secretion, increased TNF-alpha in protein and gene levels, and increased gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-11, and MMP-19). When cells were treated with AgNPs, they were observed in the cytosol of the activated cells, but were not observed in the dead cells. It seemed that AgNPs were ionized in the cells to cause cytotoxicity by a Trojan-horse type mechanism suggested by previously reported studies.
银纳米粒子（AgNPs）广泛应用于许多家用产品和医疗用途。然而，关于 AgNPs 对人类健康和环境影响的研究仍处于起步阶段。此外，大多数关于 AgNPs 毒性的数据都是使用添加了清洁剂以防止团聚的纳米粒子来生成的，这可能会改变它们的毒性。在这项研究中，我们使用分散在胎牛血清（FBS）中的 AgNPs 进行了毒性研究，这是一种生物相容性材料。AgNPs（平均粒径；68.9nm，浓度；0.2、0.4、0.8 和 1.6ppm，暴露时间；24、48、72 和 96h）通过增加亚 G1 部分，表明细胞凋亡，显示出对培养的 RAW264.7 细胞的细胞毒性。AgNPs 降低了细胞内谷胱甘肽水平，增加了 NO 分泌，增加了 TNF-α 蛋白和基因水平，并增加了基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-3、MMP-11 和 MMP-19）的基因表达。当细胞用 AgNPs 处理时，它们被观察到在活化细胞的细胞质中，但在死亡细胞中未被观察到。似乎 AgNPs 在细胞内被离子化，通过先前报道的研究提出的特洛伊木马机制引起细胞毒性。
