Ledesma-Medina J, Bender T M, Oh K S
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1991 Mar;29(2):383-405.
Limb anomalies and their commonly associated organ malformations are increasingly recognized in fetal life because of the use of high resolution real-time sonography. In most instances plain radiography establishes the diagnosis of limb anomalies shortly after birth. In some neonates the diagnosis is tentative until full skeletal maturity is attained. When evaluation of the soft tissues and unmineralized cartilage or ossification center is a prerequisite to early definitive therapy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the procedures of choice.
由于高分辨率实时超声检查的应用，肢体异常及其常见相关器官畸形在胎儿期越来越多地被识别出来。在大多数情况下，普通X线摄影在出生后不久就能确诊肢体异常。在一些新生儿中，诊断是暂时的，直到骨骼完全成熟。当软组织以及未矿化的软骨或骨化中心的评估是早期确定性治疗的先决条件时，计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像则是首选的检查方法。
