Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Jan;11(1):50-61. doi: 10.1038/nrm2820. Epub 2009 Dec 9.
Protons dictate the charge and structure of macromolecules and are used as energy currency by eukaryotic cells. The unique function of individual organelles therefore depends on the establishment and stringent maintenance of a distinct pH. This, in turn, requires a means to sense the prevailing pH and to respond to deviations from the norm with effective mechanisms to transport, produce or consume proton equivalents. A dynamic, finely tuned balance between proton-extruding and proton-importing processes underlies pH homeostasis not only in the cytosol, but in other cellular compartments as well.
质子决定了生物大分子的电荷和结构，并且被真核细胞用作能量货币。因此，各个细胞器的独特功能取决于独特 pH 值的建立和严格维持。反过来，这又需要一种感知流行 pH 值的方法，并通过有效的质子等效物运输、产生或消耗机制来响应偏离常态的情况。质子外排和质子内流过程之间的动态、精细的平衡不仅是细胞质中，而且在其他细胞区室中也是 pH 动态平衡的基础。
