Cordat Emmanuelle, Casey Joseph R
Membrane Protein Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Biochem J. 2009 Jan 15;417(2):423-39. doi: 10.1042/BJ20081634.
The family of mammalian bicarbonate transport proteins are involved in a wide-range of physiological processes. The importance of bicarbonate transport follows from the biochemistry of HCO(3)(-) itself. Bicarbonate is the waste product of mitochondrial respiration. HCO(3)(-) undergoes pH-dependent conversion into CO(2) and in doing so converts from a membrane impermeant anion into a gas that can diffuse across membranes. The CO(2)-HCO(3)(-) equilibrium forms the most important pH buffering system of our bodies. Bicarbonate transport proteins facilitate the movement of membrane-impermeant HCO(3)(-) across membranes to accelerate disposal of waste CO(2), control cellular and whole-body pH, and to regulate fluid movement and acid/base secretion. Defects of bicarbonate transport proteins manifest in diseases of most organ systems. Fourteen gene products facilitate mammalian bicarbonate transport, whose physiology and pathophysiology is discussed in the present review.
哺乳动物碳酸氢盐转运蛋白家族参与广泛的生理过程。碳酸氢盐转运的重要性源于HCO₃⁻本身的生物化学特性。碳酸氢盐是线粒体呼吸的废物产物。HCO₃⁻会进行pH依赖的转化为CO₂的过程，在此过程中，它从一种不能透过膜的阴离子转化为一种可以跨膜扩散的气体。CO₂ - HCO₃⁻平衡构成了我们身体最重要的pH缓冲系统。碳酸氢盐转运蛋白促进不能透过膜的HCO₃⁻跨膜移动，以加速废物CO₂的排出，控制细胞和全身的pH，并调节液体移动和酸碱分泌。碳酸氢盐转运蛋白的缺陷在大多数器官系统疾病中表现出来。有14种基因产物促进哺乳动物的碳酸氢盐转运，本文将讨论它们的生理学和病理生理学。
