Pouliot Philippe, Olivier Martin
Department of Respiratory Diseases, Gent University, Gent, Belgium.
Crit Rev Immunol. 2009;29(5):419-42. doi: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.v29.i5.40.
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves a sustained T-helper-2 (Th2) type immune response and the recruitment of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, mast cells, and eosinophils to the lung. The complex cellular interactions involved in this disease are dependent on cellular responses generated following the integration of environmental signals through the cell signaling pathways. Therefore, the elucidation of the biochemical cascades involved in cellular responses contributing to asthma development has been of great interest in this field. Much attention has been given to the activities of kinases, enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group to a protein, thus allowing them to modify the function of the target enzyme. This resulted in the identification of key kinases and various cellular processes involved in disease development. New investigations have also begun to unravel the importance of phosphatases, which catalyze the removal of a phosphate group from their target protein. Together, these studies reveal a signaling picture in allergic asthma that is far more complex than originally thought. Herein, we review critical mechanisms of asthma development and discuss how kinases and phosphatases are likely to regulate the development of disease through their effect on these various mechanisms.
过敏性哮喘是一种慢性炎症性疾病，涉及持续的辅助性T细胞2（Th2）型免疫反应以及淋巴细胞、肥大细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞等炎症细胞向肺部的募集。该疾病中涉及的复杂细胞相互作用取决于通过细胞信号通路整合环境信号后产生的细胞反应。因此，阐明参与导致哮喘发展的细胞反应的生化级联反应一直是该领域的研究热点。激酶的活性受到了广泛关注，激酶是一类催化将磷酸基团添加到蛋白质上的酶，从而使它们能够改变靶酶的功能。这导致了关键激酶和疾病发展中涉及的各种细胞过程的鉴定。新的研究也开始揭示磷酸酶的重要性，磷酸酶催化从其靶蛋白上去除磷酸基团。这些研究共同揭示了过敏性哮喘中的信号传导情况，其远比最初想象的复杂。在此，我们综述哮喘发展的关键机制，并讨论激酶和磷酸酶如何可能通过对这些各种机制的影响来调节疾病的发展。
