Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2010 May;22(3):470-8. doi: 10.1017/S1041610209991281. Epub 2009 Dec 15.
We evaluated the effects of cognitive training on self-rated health at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years post-baseline.
In the ACTIVE (Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly) randomized controlled trial, 2,802 older adults (>or=65 years) were randomly assigned to memory, reasoning, speed of processing, or no-contact control intervention groups. Complete data were available for 1,804 (64%) of the 2,802 participants at five years. A propensity score model was adjusted for attrition bias. The self-rated health question was coded using the Diehr et al. (2001) transformation (E = 95/VG = 90/G = 80/F = 30/P = 15), and analyzed with change-score regression models.
The speed of processing (vs. no-contact control) group had statistically significant improvements (or protective effects) on changes in self-rated health at the 2, 3 and 5 year follow-ups. The 5-year improvement was 2.8 points (p = 0.03). No significant differences were observed in the memory or reasoning groups at any time.
The speed of processing intervention significantly protected self-rated health in ACTIVE, with the average benefit equivalent to half the difference between excellent vs. very good health.
我们评估了认知训练对基线后 1、2、3 和 5 年自评健康的影响。
在积极的（高级认知训练对独立和有活力的老年人）随机对照试验中，2802 名老年人（>65 岁）被随机分配到记忆、推理、处理速度或无接触对照组。在五年时，2802 名参与者中有 1804 名（64%）有完整的数据。使用倾向评分模型调整了流失偏差。自评健康问题使用 Diehr 等人（2001 年）的转换（E=95/VG=90/G=80/F=30/P=15）进行编码，并使用变化分数回归模型进行分析。
与无接触对照组相比，处理速度组在 2、3 和 5 年随访时的自评健康变化有统计学意义的改善（或保护效应）。5 年的改善为 2.8 分（p=0.03）。在任何时候，记忆或推理组都没有观察到显著差异。
在积极的认知训练中，处理速度干预显著保护了自评健康，平均获益相当于良好与非常好健康之间差异的一半。
