Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
J Food Prot. 2009 Dec;72(12):2623-8. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.12.2623.
Chitosan is known to inhibit microorganisms of concern to plants, animals, and humans. However, the effect of chitosan on human enteric viruses of public health concern has not been extensively investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chitosan on three human enteric viral surrogates: murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), feline calicivirus F-9 (FCV-F9), and (ssRNA) bacteriophage MS2 (MS2). Chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (molecular weight of 5,000) and water-soluble chitosan (molecular weight of 53,000) at concentrations of 1.4, 0.7, and 0.35% were incubated at 37 degrees C for 3 h with equal volumes of each virus at high (approximately 7 log PFU/ml) and low (approximately 5 log PFU/ml) titers. Chitosan effects on each treated virus were evaluated with standardized plaque assays in comparison to untreated virus controls. The water-soluble chitosan at 0.7% decreased the FCV-F9 titer by approximately 2.83 log PFU/ml, with decreasing effects at lower concentrations, and also decreased MS2 at high titers by approximately 1.18 to 1.41 log PFU/ml, regardless of the concentration used. Chitosan treatments at the concentrations studied had no effect on MNV-1 at high titers. Chitosan oligosaccharide showed similar trends against the viruses, but to a lesser extent compared with that of water-soluble chitosan. When lower virus titers (approximately 5 log PFU/ml) were used, plaque reduction was observed for FCV-F9 and MS2, but not MNV-1. The use of higher-molecular-weight chitosan and at higher concentrations with longer incubation may be necessary to inactivate MNV-1. These results in the plaque reduction of human enteric virus surrogates by chitosan treatment show promise for its potential application in the food environment.
壳聚糖已知可抑制对植物、动物和人类有危害的微生物。然而，壳聚糖对人体肠道病毒的影响尚未得到广泛研究。本研究的目的是确定壳聚糖对三种人体肠道病毒替代物的影响：鼠诺如病毒 1（MNV-1）、猫杯状病毒 F-9（FCV-F9）和（ssRNA）噬菌体 MS2（MS2）。壳聚糖低聚糖乳酸盐（分子量为 5000）和水溶性壳聚糖（分子量为 53000）在 37°C 下以 1.4%、0.7%和 0.35%的浓度与高（约 7 log PFU/ml）和低（约 5 log PFU/ml）滴度的每种病毒等体积孵育 3 小时。通过与未处理病毒对照的标准化蚀斑测定，评估壳聚糖对每种处理病毒的影响。水溶性壳聚糖在 0.7%时使 FCV-F9 滴度降低约 2.83 log PFU/ml，浓度降低时降低效果降低，并且在高滴度时也使 MS2 降低约 1.18 至 1.41 log PFU/ml，无论使用的浓度如何。在所研究的浓度下，壳聚糖处理对高滴度的 MNV-1 没有影响。壳聚糖低聚糖显示出与病毒相似的趋势，但与水溶性壳聚糖相比，效果较小。当使用较低的病毒滴度（约 5 log PFU/ml）时，观察到 FCV-F9 和 MS2 的蚀斑减少，但 MNV-1 没有。使用更高分子量的壳聚糖和更高浓度并延长孵育时间可能对于使 MNV-1 失活是必要的。壳聚糖处理对人体肠道病毒替代物的蚀斑减少表明其在食品环境中的潜在应用前景。
