Akvaplan-niva, Polar Environmental Centre, Tromsø, Norway.
Aquat Toxicol. 2010 May 5;97(3):234-42. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.11.003. Epub 2009 Nov 10.
In order to mimic the biological effects of an oil spill in Arctic waters, we examined several types of biomarkers (genes, enzymes, metabolites, and DNA damage) in polar cod Boreogadus saida experimentally exposed to the water soluble fractions of crude oil. During 4 weeks of exposure, induction of the studied biomarkers exceeded baseline levels. The mRNA expression of the cytochrome P4501A1 (cyp1a1) gene was the most promising biomarker, with glutathione S-transferase (gst) as a suitable complement. The delayed ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and GST activities and their persistence following 2 weeks of depuration may allow detection of previous exposures in field samples. The composition of PAH metabolites in the bile indicated the bioavailability of different PAH size-classes. Although mRNA expressions of antioxidant defense genes were induced at start of the exposure, with the strongest responses from catalase and cytosolic superoxide dismutase, they were poor for oil monitoring purposes due to their very short response times. Significant DNA damage demonstrated genotoxicity even at low PAH concentrations (<15microgL(-1)) and was correlated with benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene metabolites in the bile.
为了模拟北极水域石油泄漏的生物效应，我们用几种生物标志物（基因、酶、代谢物和 DNA 损伤）实验性地检测了经北极鳕鱼（Boreogadus saida）暴露于原油水溶性馏分后的情况。在 4 周的暴露期间，研究生物标志物的诱导超过了基线水平。细胞色素 P4501A1（cyp1a1）基因的 mRNA 表达是最有前途的生物标志物，谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（gst）是其合适的补充。2 周净化后延迟的乙氧基荧光素 O-脱乙基酶（EROD）和 GST 活性及其持续存在，可能允许在现场样本中检测以前的暴露。胆汁中多环芳烃代谢物的组成表明不同多环芳烃大小类别的生物利用度。尽管抗氧化防御基因的 mRNA 表达在暴露开始时被诱导，其中过氧化氢酶和细胞质超氧化物歧化酶的反应最强，但由于它们的反应时间非常短，因此不适合用于监测石油。即使在低浓度的多环芳烃（<15μg/L）下，也会出现显著的 DNA 损伤，表明其具有遗传毒性，并且与胆汁中的苯并（a）芘和芘代谢物相关。
