Moga Paul J
J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2010 Jan;14(1):13-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.04.037.
This study was aimed at quantifying superoinferior and mediolateral skin distraction over the spine's midline for the purpose of designing a unique surface marker for use in a study originally proposed by Wojtys and Ashton-Miller. It was also aimed at testing the null hypotheses H(01): There is no difference in the amount of skin distraction between hamstring normal and hamstring tight subjects and H(02): There are no age or gender differences of skin distraction.
Nine male and twelve female volunteers served as the convenience subjects for this IRB-approved study. Eight subjects were classified as hamstring "tight" (short) using the Finger-to-Floor Reach Test. Skin distraction was measured at five spine midline landmarks palpated on the subjects' bared backs: T1, T10, L3, S1, and the posterior-superior iliac spine (PSIS). A pattern of four dots was placed at each landmark using a rectangular template and non-toxic, water-soluble ink. Measurements were taken between superoinferior and mediolateral pairs of template points with subjects in both upright ("initial") and fully flexed ("final") postures. Between-measurement differences were then calculated, expressed as percent strain, and pooled for mean percent strain values. Repeated measures produced a maximum strain error of about 1.7%.
With the exception of the skin over the T10 landmark, distraction in the superoinferior direction was greater than that in the mediolateral direction. There were no significant differences in skin distraction between age or gender groups. However, hamstring short males had significantly smaller superoinferior skin distraction at L3 than their hamstring normal counterparts [35% (+/-5.2) vs. 46% (+/-4.6), p=0.049), while hamstring short females had a smaller mean mediolateral distraction at the same level that approached significance [2.5% (+/-2.5) vs. 7.6% (+/-5.4), p=0.080). At this landmark, there was a moderately strong, inverse correlation (r=-0.720) between mediolateral percent strain and reach distance in hamstring tight subjects.
In general, superoinferior percent strain increased and mediolateral percent strain decreased from thoracic to sacral regions, likely reflecting the relative increase in spine segment motion from thoracic to lumbar region. The larger mean mediolateral distraction at the T10 level was probably the result of traction on the skin at that level by the dependence of appendicular structures in forward flexion. Finally, the negative value at the T1 landmark was probably the result of the cervical spine extension that occurred during flexion as the subjects lifted their heads to look up.
本研究旨在量化脊柱中线上下及内外侧的皮肤牵张情况，以便设计一种独特的表面标记物，用于沃伊蒂斯和阿什顿 - 米勒最初提出的一项研究。同时，本研究还旨在检验零假设H(01)：绳肌正常和绳肌紧张的受试者之间皮肤牵张量无差异；以及H(02)：皮肤牵张不存在年龄或性别差异。
9名男性和12名女性志愿者作为本机构审查委员会批准的该研究的便利受试者。使用手指触地伸展测试，将8名受试者归类为绳肌“紧张”（短）。在受试者裸露背部可触及的五个脊柱中线标志处测量皮肤牵张：T1、T10、L3、S1以及髂后上棘（PSIS）。使用矩形模板和无毒、水溶性墨水在每个标志处放置四个点的图案。在受试者直立（“初始”）和完全屈曲（“最终”）姿势下，测量模板点的上下及内外侧对之间的距离。然后计算测量值之间的差异，以应变百分比表示，并汇总为平均应变百分比值。重复测量产生的最大应变误差约为1.7%。
除T10标志处的皮肤外，上下方向的牵张大于内外侧方向的牵张。年龄或性别组之间的皮肤牵张无显著差异。然而，绳肌短的男性在L3处的上下皮肤牵张明显小于绳肌正常的男性[35%（±5.2）对46%（±4.6），p = 0.049]，而绳肌短的女性在同一水平的平均内外侧牵张较小，接近显著水平[2.5%（±2.5）对7.6%（±5.4），p = 0.080]。在这个标志处，绳肌紧张的受试者中，内外侧应变百分比与伸展距离之间存在中等强度的负相关（r = -0.720）。
一般来说，从胸部到骶部区域，上下应变百分比增加，内外侧应变百分比降低，这可能反映了从胸部到腰部区域脊柱节段运动的相对增加。T10水平较大的平均内外侧牵张可能是由于前屈时附属结构对该水平皮肤的牵引所致。最后，T1标志处的负值可能是由于受试者抬头向上看时在屈曲过程中发生的颈椎伸展所致。
