Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Pediatrics. 2010 Jan;125(1):75-81. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2598. Epub 2009 Dec 14.
This article presents the 12-month prevalence estimates of specific mental disorders, their social and demographic correlates, and service use patterns in children and adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative probability sample of noninstitutionalized US civilians.
The sample includes 3042 participants 8 to 15 years of age from cross-sectional surveys conducted from 2001 to 2004. Data on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for mental disorders were derived from administration of selected modules of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version IV, a structured diagnostic interview administered by lay interviewers to assess psychiatric diagnoses of children and adolescents.
Twelve-month prevalence rates of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-defined disorders in this sample were 8.6% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 3.7% for mood disorders, 2.1% for conduct disorder, 0.7% for panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder, and 0.1% for eating disorders. Boys had 2.1 times greater prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder than girls, girls had twofold higher rates of mood disorders than boys, and there were no gender differences in the rates of anxiety disorders or conduct disorder. Only approximately one half of those with one of the disorders assessed had sought treatment with a mental health professional.
These data constitute a first step in building a national database on mental health in children and adolescents.
本文呈现了特定精神障碍的 12 个月患病率估计值，以及来自全国健康和营养检查调查的儿童和青少年中这些障碍的社会人口学相关因素和服务使用模式，这是一个全国代表性的非住院美国平民概率样本。
该样本包括 2001 年至 2004 年进行的横断面调查中的 3042 名 8 至 15 岁的参与者。精神障碍诊断和统计手册，第四版标准的数据来自国立精神卫生研究所儿童诊断访谈表的选定模块的管理，第四版，这是一个由非专业访谈员进行的结构化诊断访谈，用于评估儿童和青少年的精神诊断。
在这个样本中，根据精神障碍诊断和统计手册，第四版定义的障碍的 12 个月患病率为 8.6%的注意力缺陷/多动障碍，3.7%的情绪障碍，2.1%的行为障碍，0.7%的惊恐障碍或广泛性焦虑障碍，0.1%的饮食障碍。男孩的注意力缺陷/多动障碍患病率是女孩的 2.1 倍，女孩的情绪障碍患病率是男孩的两倍，而焦虑障碍或行为障碍的患病率在性别之间没有差异。只有大约一半的评估中有一种障碍的人寻求过心理健康专业人员的治疗。
这些数据构成了建立儿童和青少年心理健康国家数据库的第一步。
