Department of Psychiatry of Mental Health, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile Mental Health Department, Medical School of the University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2012 Oct;53(10):1026-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02566.x. Epub 2012 May 31.
In Latin America, there is limited research on the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. This Chilean survey is the first national representative survey in the Latin American region to examine the prevalence of diagnostic and statistical manual-IV (DSM-IV) psychiatric disorders in the region in children and adolescents.
Subjects aged 4-18 were selected using a stratified multistage design. The diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (DISC-IV) was used to obtain 12-month DSM-IV diagnoses of affective, anxiety, conduct and substance use disorders, and supplemented with questionnaires examining family risk factors, family income, and service utilization. The parent or the primary caretaker was interviewed for children, aged 4-11, using the DISC-IV; however, adolescents, aged 12-18, were directly interviewed.
A sample of 1558 children and adolescents was evaluated. Using the most stringent DISC-IV impairment algorithm, the prevalence rate for any psychiatric disorders was 22.5% (19.3% for boys and 25.8% for girls). The prevalence rate was higher among the children, aged 4-11, in comparison with adolescents, aged 12-18 (27.8% and 16.5%, respectively). Less than half of the subjects in need of services sought some form of assistance. Nearly a quarter of those using services did not present with a psychiatric diagnosis in the past year. Comorbidity was found in 24.8% of those with a disorder, but only 6.3% had three or more diagnoses.
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Chile is high among children and adolescents. This study highlights the increasing need to reevaluate mental health services provided to children and adolescents in Latin America.
在拉丁美洲，儿童和青少年精神障碍的患病率研究有限。这项智利调查是该地区首次针对该地区儿童和青少年进行的全国代表性调查，旨在检查诊断和统计手册-IV（DSM-IV）精神障碍的患病率。
使用分层多阶段设计选择 4-18 岁的受试者。使用儿童诊断访谈表第四版（DISC-IV）获得 12 个月 DSM-IV 情感、焦虑、行为和物质使用障碍的诊断，并辅以检查家庭风险因素、家庭收入和服务利用的问卷。对于年龄为 4-11 岁的儿童，使用 DISC-IV 对父母或主要照顾者进行访谈；然而，对于年龄为 12-18 岁的青少年，则直接进行访谈。
评估了 1558 名儿童和青少年的样本。使用最严格的 DISC-IV 损伤算法，任何精神障碍的患病率为 22.5%（男孩为 19.3%，女孩为 25.8%）。与 12-18 岁的青少年相比，年龄为 4-11 岁的儿童的患病率更高（分别为 27.8%和 16.5%）。不到一半有需要服务的人寻求某种形式的帮助。在过去一年中，近四分之一使用服务的人没有出现过精神科诊断。在有障碍的人中，发现共病率为 24.8%，但只有 6.3%有三个或更多的诊断。
智利儿童和青少年的精神障碍患病率很高。这项研究强调了越来越需要重新评估拉丁美洲为儿童和青少年提供的精神卫生服务。
