UMR 6578 (Anthropologie Bioculturelle), Université de la Méditerranée, CS80011, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2010 Oct-Dec;22(5-6):356-9. doi: 10.1007/BF03337731. Epub 2009 Dec 14.
Exercise and physical activity play an important role in physical frailty, but we do not know if they are markers, components and/or correlates of this syndrome. The purpose of this paper is briefly to discuss the potential roles played by physical activity and exercise on the development and progression of frailty, and to propose directions for future research in this field. Exercise practice lowers the levels of some frailty markers, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and uric acid, and also resistance to insulin. The influence of exercise on the main frailty domains is also well established in the literature. Exercise improves muscle strength, gait speed, cognition (particularly executive control related-tasks), weight maintenance, mood and, to a lesser extent, feelings of energy. Although exercise and physical activity positively influence the main frailty markers and domains, most findings were obtained for other elderly populations (e.g., healthy elderly, clinical populations). For future research, efforts must be made to define some key concepts (exercise or physical activity) in selecting study samples and in establishing intervention length. Attention must also be paid to identifying the most efficacious exercise interventions regarding type, frequency, intensity and session duration, and approaching a dose-response relationship between a physically active life-style and frailty. Thus, further research, especially longitudinal randomized controlled trials, is needed to understand the role of physical activity and exercise in the frailty syndrome.
锻炼和体育活动在身体虚弱中起着重要作用，但我们不知道它们是否是该综合征的标志物、组成部分和/或相关因素。本文的目的是简要讨论体育活动和锻炼对虚弱发展和进展的潜在作用，并为该领域的未来研究提出方向。锻炼可以降低一些虚弱标志物的水平，如肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、C 反应蛋白和尿酸，以及胰岛素抵抗。运动对主要虚弱领域的影响在文献中也有很好的记载。运动可以提高肌肉力量、步态速度、认知能力（特别是与执行控制相关的任务）、体重维持、情绪，以及在较小程度上提高精力。尽管锻炼和体育活动对主要的虚弱标志物和领域有积极的影响，但大多数发现都是针对其他老年人群体（例如健康的老年人、临床人群）得出的。未来的研究必须努力定义一些关键概念（锻炼或体育活动），以便在选择研究样本和确定干预时间长度时使用。还必须注意确定针对类型、频率、强度和会议持续时间的最有效的锻炼干预措施，并探讨积极生活方式与虚弱之间的剂量反应关系。因此，需要进一步的研究，特别是纵向随机对照试验，以了解体育活动和锻炼在虚弱综合征中的作用。
