National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Immunization Services Division, Health Services Research and Evaluation Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2010 Jan-Feb;16(1):E9-17. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181c7e053.
Despite record-high immunization coverage nationally, there is considerable variation across state and local immunization programs, which are responsible for the implementation of vaccine recommendations in their jurisdictions. The objectives of this study were to describe activities of state and local immunization programs that sustained high coverage levels across several years and to identify common themes and practical examples for sustaining childhood vaccination coverage rates that could be applied elsewhere. We conducted 95 semi-structured key informant interviews with internal staff members and external partners at the 10 immunization programs with the highest sustained childhood immunization coverage from 2000 to 2005, as measured by the National Immunization Survey. Interview transcripts were analyzed qualitatively using a general inductive approach. Common themes across the 10 programs included maintaining a strong program infrastructure, using available data to drive planning and decision making, a commitment to building and sustaining relationships, and a focus on education and communication. Given the challenges of an increasingly complex immunization system, the lessons learned from these programs may help inform others who are working to improve childhood immunization delivery and coverage in their own programs.
尽管全国免疫接种率创历史新高，但各州和地方免疫计划之间仍存在相当大的差异，这些计划负责在各自管辖范围内实施疫苗建议。本研究的目的是描述能够维持多年高覆盖水平的州和地方免疫计划的活动，并确定可在其他地方应用的维持儿童疫苗接种覆盖率的共同主题和实际示例。我们对 2000 年至 2005 年期间国家免疫调查衡量的免疫接种率最高的 10 个免疫计划的内部工作人员和外部合作伙伴进行了 95 次半结构化重点访谈。使用一般归纳方法对访谈记录进行了定性分析。这 10 个计划的共同主题包括保持强大的计划基础设施，利用现有数据推动规划和决策，致力于建立和维持关系，以及关注教育和沟通。考虑到日益复杂的免疫接种系统带来的挑战，这些计划中吸取的经验教训可能有助于为其他致力于改善自身计划中儿童免疫接种提供和覆盖的人提供信息。
