Montgomery Guy H, David Daniel, Dilorenzo Terry A, Schnur Julie B
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA.
J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther. 2007;25(1):17-34. doi: 10.1007/s10942-006-0029-y.
Individual differences in cognitive factors such as response expectancies and irrational beliefs (IBs) have been shown to contribute to variability in distress associated with stressful situations. However, their independent influence on distress when examined within the same study has not been established, nor has the potential of mediational relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of response expectancies and IBs (both general and exam-specific) to exam-related distress in a prospective study. Results revealed that both response expectancies and general IBs separately predicted exam-related distress (p's <.05; N = 105). Observed effects of general IBs were perfectly mediated by, and observed effects of exam-specific IBs were partially mediated by, response expectancies using the Baron and Kenny approach. These data support the view that cognitive factors contribute to psychological distress and are consistent with response expectancy and rational emotive behavior theories. The results suggest that interventions focused on response expectancies and IBs might be an effective means to reduce psychological distress associated with real life stressors such as exams. Future research is needed to determine whether this effect generalizes to other stressful situations.
认知因素如反应预期和非理性信念（IBs）的个体差异已被证明会导致与压力情境相关的痛苦程度的变化。然而，在同一研究中对它们对痛苦的独立影响尚未明确，中介关系的可能性也未明确。本研究的目的是在前瞻性研究中调查反应预期和IBs（包括一般的和特定考试的）对与考试相关的痛苦的影响。结果显示，反应预期和一般IBs分别预测了与考试相关的痛苦（p值<.05；N = 105）。使用Baron和Kenny方法，一般IBs的观察效应完全由反应预期中介，特定考试IBs的观察效应部分由反应预期中介。这些数据支持了认知因素导致心理痛苦的观点，并且与反应预期和理性情绪行为理论一致。结果表明，针对反应预期和IBs的干预可能是减少与现实生活压力源（如考试）相关的心理痛苦的有效手段。未来需要进行研究以确定这种效应是否能推广到其他压力情境。
