避难所还是蓄水池？能源作物柳枝稷对玉米主要害虫的潜在影响。

Refuge or reservoir? The potential impacts of the biofuel crop Miscanthus x giganteus on a major pest of maize.

机构信息

Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2009 Dec 16;4(12):e8336. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008336.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0008336

PMID:20016814

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2789380/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Interest in the cultivation of biomass crops like the C4 grass Miscanthus x giganteus (Miscanthus) is increasing as global demand for biofuel grows. In the US, Miscanthus is promoted as a crop well-suited to the Corn Belt where it could be cultivated on marginal land interposed with maize and soybean. Interactions (direct and indirect) of Miscanthus, maize, and the major Corn Belt pest of maize, the western corn rootworm, (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, WCR) are unknown. Adding a perennial grass/biomass crop to this system is concerning since WCR is adapted to the continuous availability of its grass host, maize (Zea mays).

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a greenhouse and field study, we investigated WCR development and oviposition on Miscanthus. The suitability of Miscanthus for WCR development varied across different WCR populations. Data trends indicate that WCR populations that express behavioural resistance to crop rotation performed as well on Miscanthus as on maize. Over the entire study, total adult WCR emergence from Miscanthus (212 WCR) was 29.6% of that from maize (717 WCR). Adult dry weight was 75-80% that of WCR from maize; female emergence patterns on Miscanthus were similar to females developing on maize. There was no difference in the mean no. of WCR eggs laid at the base of Miscanthus and maize in the field.

CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Field oviposition and significant WCR emergence from Miscanthus raises many questions about the nature of likely interactions between Miscanthus, maize and WCR and the potential for Miscanthus to act as a refuge or reservoir for Corn Belt WCR. Responsible consideration of the benefits and risks associated with Corn Belt Miscanthus are critical to protecting an agroecosystem that we depend on for food, feed, and increasingly, fuel. Implications for European agroecosystems in which Miscanthus is being proposed are also discussed in light of the WCR's recent invasion into Europe.

摘要

背景

随着生物燃料需求的增长，人们对生物质作物（如 C4 草芒属巨型芒（Miscanthus））的种植兴趣日益浓厚。在美国，芒属巨型芒被宣传为一种非常适合玉米带的作物，可在玉米和大豆之间的边缘土地上种植。芒属巨型芒、玉米以及玉米带的主要害虫——西部玉米根萤叶甲（Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte，WCR）之间的相互作用（直接和间接）尚不清楚。在这个系统中添加多年生草/生物量作物令人担忧，因为 WCR 适应其草宿主玉米（Zea mays）的持续供应。

方法/主要发现：在温室和田间研究中，我们研究了 WCR 在芒属巨型芒上的发育和产卵情况。不同 WCR 种群对芒属巨型芒的适宜性存在差异。数据趋势表明，对作物轮作表现出行为抗性的 WCR 种群在芒属巨型芒上的表现与在玉米上的表现一样好。在整个研究过程中，从芒属巨型芒中出现的成虫 WCR 总数（212 只）仅占从玉米中出现的成虫 WCR 总数（717 只）的 29.6%。成虫干重为玉米中 WCR 的 75-80%；在芒属巨型芒上发育的雌虫出现模式与在玉米上发育的雌虫相似。在田间，芒属巨型芒和玉米基部的 WCR 产卵平均数没有差异。

结论/意义：从芒属巨型芒中田间产卵和大量 WCR 成虫出现引发了许多关于芒属巨型芒、玉米和 WCR 之间可能相互作用的性质以及芒属巨型芒可能成为玉米带 WCR 的避难所或蓄水库的问题。负责任地考虑与芒属巨型芒相关的利益和风险对于保护我们赖以生存的食物、饲料和越来越多的燃料的农业生态系统至关重要。鉴于 WCR 最近入侵欧洲，也讨论了芒属巨型芒在欧洲农业生态系统中的提议。