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生物质能:潜在资源的规模。

Biomass energy: the scale of the potential resource.

作者信息

Field Christopher B, Campbell J Elliott, Lobell David B

机构信息

Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

出版信息

Trends Ecol Evol. 2008 Feb;23(2):65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2007.12.001. Epub 2008 Jan 22.

Abstract

Increased production of biomass for energy has the potential to offset substantial use of fossil fuels, but it also has the potential to threaten conservation areas, pollute water resources and decrease food security. The net effect of biomass energy agriculture on climate could be either cooling or warming, depending on the crop, the technology for converting biomass into useable energy, and the difference in carbon stocks and reflectance of solar radiation between the biomass crop and the pre-existing vegetation. The area with the greatest potential for yielding biomass energy that reduces net warming and avoids competition with food production is land that was previously used for agriculture or pasture but that has been abandoned and not converted to forest or urban areas. At the global scale, potential above-ground plant growth on these abandoned lands has an energy content representing approximately 5% of world primary energy consumption in 2006. The global potential for biomass energy production is large in absolute terms, but it is not enough to replace more than a few percent of current fossil fuel usage. Increasing biomass energy production beyond this level would probably reduce food security and exacerbate forcing of climate change.

摘要

为获取能源而增加生物质产量有潜力大幅减少化石燃料的使用,但也有可能威胁保护区、污染水资源并降低粮食安全。生物质能源农业对气候的净影响可能是降温或升温,这取决于作物、将生物质转化为可用能源的技术,以及生物质作物与原有植被之间的碳储量差异和太阳辐射反射率。在减少净变暖并避免与粮食生产竞争方面,生产生物质能源潜力最大的区域是以前用于农业或牧场但已被废弃且未转变为森林或城市区域的土地。在全球范围内,这些废弃土地上潜在的地上植物生长所蕴含的能量约占2006年世界一次能源消费量的5%。从绝对数量来看,全球生物质能源生产潜力巨大,但还不足以替代目前百分之几以上的化石燃料使用量。将生物质能源产量增加到超过这一水平可能会降低粮食安全并加剧气候变化的影响。

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