Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010 Feb;67(4):499-511. doi: 10.1007/s00018-009-0205-1. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
Although platelets are best known as primary mediators of hemostasis, this function intimately associates them with inflammatory processes, and it has been increasingly recognized that platelets play an active role in both innate and adaptive immunity. For example, platelet adhesive interactions with leukocytes and endothelial cells via P-selectin can lead to several pro-inflammatory events, including leukocyte rolling and activation, production of cytokine cascades, and recruitment of the leukocytes to sites of tissue damage. Superimposed on this, platelets express immunologically-related molecules such as CD40L and Toll-like receptors that have been shown to functionally modulate innate immunity. Furthermore, platelets themselves can interact with microorganisms, and several viruses have been shown to cross-react immunologically with platelet antigens. This review discusses the central role that platelets play in inflammation, linking them with varied pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, sepsis, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and suggests that platelets also act as primary mediators of our innate defences.
虽然血小板作为止血的主要介质而广为人知，但这一功能使它们与炎症过程密切相关，并且人们越来越认识到血小板在先天免疫和适应性免疫中都发挥着积极作用。例如，血小板通过 P 选择素与白细胞和内皮细胞的黏附相互作用可导致多种促炎事件，包括白细胞滚动和激活、细胞因子级联的产生以及白细胞向组织损伤部位的募集。在此基础上，血小板表达免疫相关分子，如 CD40L 和 Toll 样受体，这些分子已被证明可调节先天免疫。此外，血小板本身可以与微生物相互作用，一些病毒已被证明在免疫学上与血小板抗原发生交叉反应。这篇综述讨论了血小板在炎症中的核心作用，将其与动脉粥样硬化、败血症和免疫性血小板减少性紫癜等多种病理状况联系起来，并表明血小板也作为我们先天防御的主要介质发挥作用。
