INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 25 bd Pasteur, F-42100 Saint-Étienne, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 23;22(15):7894. doi: 10.3390/ijms22157894.
Platelets are hematopoietic cells whose main function has for a long time been considered to be the maintenance of vascular integrity. They have an essential role in the hemostatic response, but they also have functional capabilities that go far beyond it. This review will provide an overview of platelet functions. Indeed, stress signals may induce platelet apoptosis through proapoptotis or hemostasis receptors, necrosis, and even autophagy. Platelets also interact with immune cells and modulate immune responses in terms of activation, maturation, recruitment and cytokine secretion. This review will also show that platelets, thanks to their wide range of innate immune receptors, and in particular toll-like receptors, and can be considered sentinels actively participating in the immuno-surveillance of the body. We will discuss the diversity of platelet responses following the engagement of these receptors as well as the signaling pathways involved. Finally, we will show that while platelets contribute significantly, via their TLRs, to immune response and inflammation, these receptors also participate in the pathophysiological processes associated with various pathogens and diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
血小板是造血细胞，其主要功能长期以来一直被认为是维持血管完整性。它们在止血反应中起着至关重要的作用，但它们的功能远不止于此。本综述将概述血小板的功能。事实上，应激信号可能通过促凋亡或止血受体、坏死，甚至自噬诱导血小板凋亡。血小板还与免疫细胞相互作用，并在激活、成熟、募集和细胞因子分泌等方面调节免疫反应。本综述还将表明，由于血小板具有广泛的先天免疫受体，特别是 Toll 样受体，因此可以被视为积极参与机体免疫监视的哨兵细胞。我们将讨论这些受体被激活后血小板反应的多样性，以及涉及的信号通路。最后，我们将表明，虽然血小板通过其 TLR 显著参与免疫反应和炎症，但这些受体也参与与各种病原体和疾病相关的病理生理过程，包括癌症和动脉粥样硬化。
