Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Mar;70(5):787-93. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.064. Epub 2009 Dec 21.
The World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control promotes comprehensive smoke-free laws. The effective implementation of these laws requires citizen participation and support. Risk communication research suggests that citizens' perceptions of the fairness of smoke-free laws would help explain their support for the law. This study aimed to assess the factors that correlate with citizens' perceptions of the distributive, procedural and interpersonal justice of smoke-free laws, as well as how these perceptions are related to support for and intention to help enforce these laws. Study data came from a cross-sectional, population-based survey of 800 Mexico City inhabitants before a comprehensive smoke-free policy was implemented there in 2008. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the bivariate and multivariate adjusted paths relating study variables. In the final multivariate model, the three justice concepts mediated the influence of smoking status, perceived dangers of secondhand smoke exposure, strength of home smoking ban, and perceived rights of smokers on the two distal constructs of support for smoke-free policy and intention to help enforce it. Statistically significant paths were estimated from distributive and procedural justice to support for the law and intention help enforce it. The path from interpersonal justice to support for the law was not significant, but the path to intention to help enforce the law was. Finally, the path from support for the law to the intention to enforce it was statistically significant. These results suggest that three distinct dimensions of perceived justice help explain citizen support for smoke-free policies. These dimensions of perceived justice may explain the conditions under which smoke-free policies are effectively implemented and could help shape the focus for communication strategies that aim to ensure effective implementation of this and other public health policies.
世界卫生组织的《烟草控制框架公约》提倡全面的无烟法律。这些法律的有效实施需要公民的参与和支持。风险沟通研究表明，公民对无烟法律公正性的看法有助于解释他们对法律的支持。本研究旨在评估与公民对无烟法律的分配公正、程序公正和人际公正看法相关的因素，以及这些看法与对法律的支持和帮助执行法律的意图之间的关系。研究数据来自于 2008 年墨西哥城在实施全面无烟政策之前对 800 名居民进行的一项横断面、基于人群的调查。结构方程模型用于估计研究变量之间的双变量和多变量调整路径。在最终的多变量模型中，三个公正概念中介了吸烟状况、二手烟暴露危险感、家庭禁烟力度以及吸烟者权利感对支持无烟政策和帮助执行意图这两个远端结构的影响。从分配公正和程序公正到支持无烟政策和帮助执行意图的路径是显著的。人际公正到支持法律的路径不显著，但到帮助执行法律的意图的路径是显著的。最后，支持法律到执行意图的路径是显著的。这些结果表明，感知公正的三个不同维度有助于解释公民对无烟政策的支持。这些感知公正的维度可以解释无烟政策有效实施的条件，并有助于为旨在确保这项和其他公共卫生政策有效实施的沟通策略确定重点。
