惊跳反应：发展效应以及儿童和成人的研究范式。
The startle response: developmental effects and a paradigm for children and adults.
机构信息
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 Ohara Street, Loeffler Building Office, 203, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
出版信息
Dev Psychobiol. 2010 Jan;52(1):78-89. doi: 10.1002/dev.20415.
A film paradigm was developed to examine baseline and emotion modulated startle across a broad age range from preschool to adulthood. The paradigm was tested in children (3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-year-olds) and adults (total N = 122). The paradigm elicited a similar startle potentiation pattern across age groups; however, baseline startle changed with age: 3- and 5-year-olds showed lower response probability and magnitude of baseline startle than adults. Females exhibited larger baseline startle response probability and overall magnitude than did males; however, no sex by emotion modulated startle interaction was noted. Anxiety measures were obtained for all children. Individual differences in anxiety were associated with baseline startle magnitude among older but not younger children. No association of anxiety with startle potentiation was noted. Overall the film paradigm was applicable across a wide developmental span, revealing potential developmental and gender differences in baseline startle magnitude and response probability.
开发了一种电影范式，以检查从学龄前到成年的广泛年龄段的基线和情绪调节的惊吓反应。该范式在儿童（3 岁、5 岁、7 岁和 9 岁）和成人（总 N = 122）中进行了测试。该范式在各个年龄组中引发了相似的惊吓增强模式；然而，基线惊吓随着年龄的变化而变化：3 岁和 5 岁儿童的基线惊吓反应概率和幅度低于成人。女性的基线惊吓反应概率和整体幅度均大于男性；然而，没有注意到性别与情绪调节惊吓反应的交互作用。对所有儿童都进行了焦虑测量。焦虑的个体差异与年龄较大的儿童但不是年龄较小的儿童的基线惊吓幅度有关。没有注意到焦虑与惊吓增强之间的关联。总体而言，电影范式适用于广泛的发展范围，揭示了基线惊吓幅度和反应概率的潜在发展和性别差异。
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