草生物甲烷生产综合工艺综述。

Review of the integrated process for the production of grass biomethane.

机构信息

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

出版信息

Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Nov 15;43(22):8496-508. doi: 10.1021/es901533j.

Abstract

Production of grass biomethane is an integrated process which involves numerous stages with numerous permutations. The grass grown can be of numerous species, and it can involve numerous cuts. The lignocellulosic content of grass increases with maturity of grass; the first cut offers more methane potential than the later cuts. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are higher (and as such methane potential is higher) for grass cut in the afternoon as opposed to that cut in the morning. The method of ensiling has a significant effect on the dry solids content of the grass silage. Pit or clamp silage in southern Germany and Austria has a solids content of about 40%; warm dry summers allow wilting of the grass before ensiling. In temperate oceanic climates like Ireland, pit silage has a solids content of about 21% while bale silage has a solids content of 32%. Biogas production is related to mass of volatile solids rather than mass of silage; typically one ton of volatile solid produces 300 m(3) of methane. The dry solids content of the silage has a significant impact on the biodigester configuration. Silage with a high solids content would lend itself to a two-stage process; a leach bed where volatile solids are converted to a leachate high in chemical oxygen demand (COD), followed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket where the COD can be converted efficiently to CH(4). Alternative configurations include wet continuous processes such as the ubiquitous continuously stirred tank reactor; this necessitates significant dilution of the feedstock to effect a solids content of 12%. Various pretreatment methods may be employed especially if the hydrolytic step is separated from the methanogenic step. Size reduction, thermal, and enzymatic methodologies are used. Good digester design is to seek to emulate the cow, thus rumen fluid offers great potential for hydrolysis.

摘要

草生物甲烷的生产是一个综合的过程,涉及到许多阶段和多种组合。所种植的草可以是许多不同的物种,并且可能需要进行多次收割。草的木质纤维素含量随着草的成熟而增加;第一次收割比后续的收割提供更多的甲烷潜力。下午收割的草的水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)更高(因此甲烷潜力更高),而上午收割的草则较低。青贮的方法对草青贮的干物质含量有显著影响。德国南部和奥地利的坑式或夹板青贮的固体含量约为 40%;温暖干燥的夏季允许草在青贮前萎蔫。在爱尔兰等温带海洋性气候中,坑式青贮的固体含量约为 21%,而捆式青贮的固体含量为 32%。沼气生产与挥发性固体的质量有关,而不是与青贮的质量有关;通常,一吨挥发性固体产生 300 立方米的甲烷。青贮的干物质含量对生物消化器的配置有重大影响。高固体含量的青贮料更适合采用两阶段工艺;一个渗滤床,其中挥发性固体转化为高化学需氧量(COD)的渗滤液,然后是上流厌氧污泥床,其中 COD 可以有效地转化为 CH(4)。替代配置包括湿连续工艺,例如无处不在的连续搅拌罐反应器;这需要对进料进行大量稀释,以实现 12%的固体含量。可能需要采用各种预处理方法,特别是如果水解步骤与产甲烷步骤分开。可以使用减小尺寸、热和酶方法。良好的消化器设计是要模仿牛,因此瘤胃液在水解方面具有很大的潜力。

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