Sun Xiao-hua, Zhang Ren-zhi, Cai Li-qun, Chen Qiang-qiang
College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2009 Sep;20(9):2173-80.
A field experiment was conducted in Lijiabu Town of Dingxi City, Gansu Province to study the soil respiration and its relations with the canopy temperature and soil moisture content in a rotation system with spring wheat and pea under effects of different tillage measures. Six treatments were installed, i.e., tillage with no straw- or plastic mulch (conventional tillage, T), tillage with straw mulch (TS), tillage with plastic mulch (TP), no-tillage (NT), no-tillage with straw mulch (NTS), and no-tillage with plastic mulch (NTP). During the growth periods of spring wheat and pea, soil respiration had different change patterns, with the peaks appeared at the early jointing, grain-filling, and maturing stages of spring wheat, and at the 5-leaf, silking, flowering and poding, in spring wheat field between treatments NTS and T, and the soil respiration rate was significantlyand maturing stages of pea. There was an obvious difference in the diurnal change of soil respiration lower in NTS than in T; while the soil respiration in pea field had less diurnal chan ge. Soil respiration rate had a significant linear relationship with the canopy temperature of both spring wheat andpea, the correlation coefficient being the highest at booting stage of spring wheat and at flowering and poding stage of pea, followed by at grain-filling stage of spring wheat and at branching stage of pea. There was also a significant parabola relationship between soil respiration rate and soil moisture content, the correlation coefficient being higher under conservation tillage than under conventional tillage, with the highest under NTS. The moisture content in 10-30 cm soil layer of spring wheat field and that in 5-10 cm soil layer of pea field had the greatest effects on soil respiration. Comparing with conventional tillage, all the five conservation tillage measures decreased soil respiration, with the best effects of no-tillage with straw mulch.
在甘肃省定西市李家堡镇进行了田间试验，以研究不同耕作措施对春小麦和豌豆轮作系统中土壤呼吸及其与冠层温度和土壤水分含量关系的影响。设置了6种处理，即无秸秆或地膜覆盖的耕作（传统耕作，T）、秸秆覆盖耕作（TS）、地膜覆盖耕作（TP）、免耕（NT）、秸秆覆盖免耕（NTS）和地膜覆盖免耕（NTP）。在春小麦和豌豆生长期间，土壤呼吸呈现不同的变化模式，春小麦的峰值出现在拔节初期、灌浆期和成熟期，豌豆的峰值出现在5叶期、吐丝期、开花期和结荚期，在处理NTS和T之间的春小麦田，土壤呼吸速率在豌豆的成熟期也有明显差异。土壤呼吸的日变化存在明显差异，NTS处理的土壤呼吸速率明显低于T处理；而豌豆田的土壤呼吸日变化较小。土壤呼吸速率与春小麦和豌豆的冠层温度均呈显著线性关系，相关系数在春小麦孕穗期和豌豆开花结荚期最高，其次是春小麦灌浆期和豌豆分枝期。土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分含量之间也存在显著的抛物线关系，保护性耕作下的相关系数高于传统耕作，NTS处理下最高。春小麦田10 - 30 cm土层的水分含量和豌豆田5 - 10 cm土层的水分含量对土壤呼吸的影响最大。与传统耕作相比，五种保护性耕作措施均降低了土壤呼吸，秸秆覆盖免耕的效果最佳。
