Huang Jin-Hui, Liao Yun-Cheng, Gao Mao-Sheng, Yin Rui-Jing
College of Environment and Resources, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2009 Nov;20(11):2652-8.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage system (no-tillage, rotary tillage, and plow tillage) and mulching (straw mulch, sod mulch, and film mulch) on the orchard soil moisture content and temperature in Loess Plateau. Under different tillage system, the soil moisture content in 0-1 m layer differed significantly in May, with the sequence of no-tillage (14.28%) > rotary tillage (14.13%) > plow tillage (13.57%), but had less difference in September. Straw mulch induced significantly higher soil moisture content than sod mulch, film mulch, and no-mulch. Among the treatments tillage plus mulching, no-tillage plus straw mulch resulted in the greatest soil water storage. The average soil temperature at daytime was in order of film mulch > no-mulch > sod mulch > straw mulch, and the change range of soil temperature was no-mulch > film mulch > sod mulch > straw mulch. Soil water storage under different mulching treatments was not always negatively correlated with soil temperature, but depended on the water conservation effect and heat-preserved capacity of mulching material. Above all, the main conservation tillage system for the orchards in Loess Plateau would be no tillage plus straw mulch.
在黄土高原进行了一项田间试验，以研究不同耕作制度（免耕、旋耕和翻耕）和覆盖方式（秸秆覆盖、草皮覆盖和地膜覆盖）对果园土壤水分含量和温度的影响。在不同耕作制度下，0-1米土层的土壤水分含量在5月份差异显著，顺序为免耕（14.28%）>旋耕（14.13%）>翻耕（13.57%），但在9月份差异较小。秸秆覆盖导致的土壤水分含量显著高于草皮覆盖、地膜覆盖和无覆盖。在耕作加覆盖处理中，免耕加秸秆覆盖的土壤蓄水量最大。白天的平均土壤温度顺序为地膜覆盖>无覆盖>草皮覆盖>秸秆覆盖，土壤温度的变化幅度为无覆盖>地膜覆盖>草皮覆盖>秸秆覆盖。不同覆盖处理下的土壤蓄水量并不总是与土壤温度呈负相关，而是取决于覆盖材料的保水效果和保温能力。综上所述，黄土高原果园的主要保护性耕作制度应为免耕加秸秆覆盖。
