School of Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011 Feb;21(1):111-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01046.x.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an official Taekwondo competition on the heart rate (HR), salivary α-amylase (sA-A), salivary free cortisol (sC), and Profile of Mood States (POMS) in 10 young male (14±0 years) and six female (13±1 years) athletes. POMS and hormones were measured 15 min before and directly after the competition. During the recovery phase (30 and 90 min), sA-A and sC were also measured. HR measured during the competition was expressed as a percentage of individual's maximal heart rate (%HR(max) ) to evaluate the intensity of exercise. During the competition, athletes spent 65% of the time working at HR>90% of individuals HR(max). A significant increase (P<0.0001) in sA-A (115%) was observed at the end of the match. At 30 min of recovery, sA-A returned to the pre-competition level. The peak sC values were observed at 30 min of recovery (P<0.001), returning to the pre-competition level at 90 min of recovery. A gender difference (P=0.01) emerged only for sC, although a similar trend was observed for female and male athletes. Significantly higher post-match scores emerged for Anger-hostility (pre: 6.1±1.1, post: 11.2±1.9; P=0.03) and Depression-dejection (pre: 4.5±0.5, post: 10.2±1.9; P=0.006), whereas the reverse picture was observed for Vigour-activity (pre: 23.2±1.2, post: 16.3±1.7; P=0.0006). Taekwondo competition results in temporary changes in the stress-related parameters measured in this study. The present findings suggest that this experimental paradigm can represent a useful model for further research on the effects of various stressors (i.e., training and competition) in Taekwondo athletes of different levels (i.e., novice, international).
本研究旨在评估一场官方跆拳道比赛对 10 名年轻男性（14±0 岁）和 6 名年轻女性（13±1 岁）运动员的心率（HR）、唾液α-淀粉酶（sA-A）、唾液游离皮质醇（sC）和心境状态剖面图（POMS）的影响。在比赛前 15 分钟和比赛后直接测量 POMS 和激素。在恢复阶段（30 分钟和 90 分钟），也测量了 sA-A 和 sC。比赛期间测量的 HR 表示为个体最大 HR（%HR(max)）的百分比，以评估运动强度。在比赛中，运动员有 65%的时间在 HR>90%的个体 HR(max)下工作。比赛结束时，sA-A 显著增加（P<0.0001），增加了 115%。在 30 分钟的恢复期内，sA-A 恢复到比赛前的水平。在恢复的 30 分钟时达到 sC 的峰值（P<0.001），在恢复的 90 分钟时恢复到比赛前的水平。尽管女运动员和男运动员表现出类似的趋势，但性别差异（P=0.01）仅在 sC 上出现。赛后，愤怒敌意（前：6.1±1.1，后：11.2±1.9；P=0.03）和抑郁沮丧（前：4.5±0.5，后：10.2±1.9；P=0.006）的得分显著升高，而活力活动（前：23.2±1.2，后：16.3±1.7；P=0.0006）的得分则相反。跆拳道比赛导致本研究中测量的与压力相关的参数发生暂时变化。本研究结果表明，这种实验范式可以作为进一步研究不同水平（即新手、国际）跆拳道运动员在各种应激源（即训练和比赛）下的影响的有用模型。
