Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Sports Med. 2013 Feb;34(2):144-51. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1323719. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
The objective of this study is to examine the sensitivity to and changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in stressful situations before judo competitions and to observe the differences among judo athletes according to their competitive standards in both official and unofficial competitions. 24 (10 male and 14 female) national- and international-standard athletes were evaluated. Each participant answered the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) and their HRV was recorded both during an official and unofficial competition. The MANOVA showed significant main effects of the athlete's standard and the type of competition in CSAI-2R, in HRV time domain, in HRV frequency domain and in HRV nonlinear analysis (p<0.05). International-standard judo athletes have lower somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, heart rate and low-high frequency ratio than national-standard athletes (p<0.05). International-standard athletes have a higher confidence, mean RR interval, standard deviation of RR, square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR intervals, number of consecutive RR that differ by more than 5 ms, short-term variability, long-term variability, long-range scaling exponents and short-range scaling exponent than national-standard judo athletes. In conclusion, international-standard athletes show less pre-competitive anxiety than the national-standard athletes and HRV analysis is sensitive to changes in pre-competitive anxiety.
本研究旨在探讨在柔道比赛前的应激环境下，心率变异性（HRV）的敏感性和变化，并观察根据正式和非正式比赛的竞技标准，柔道运动员之间的差异。评估了 24 名（10 名男性和 14 名女性）具有国家和国际标准的运动员。每位参与者都回答了修订后的竞赛状态焦虑量表（CSAI-2R），并在正式和非正式比赛中记录了他们的 HRV。MANOVA 显示，在 CSAI-2R、HRV 时域、HRV 频域和 HRV 非线性分析中，运动员的标准和比赛类型均存在显著的主效应（p<0.05）。国际标准的柔道运动员的躯体焦虑、认知焦虑、心率和高低频比均低于国家标准的运动员（p<0.05）。国际标准的运动员的自信心、平均 RR 间隔、RR 间隔标准差、均方根差的连续 RR 数、连续 RR 间隔超过 5ms 的差异数、短期变异性、长期变异性、长程标度指数和短程标度指数均高于国家标准的柔道运动员。总之，国际标准的运动员表现出的赛前焦虑低于国家标准的运动员，而 HRV 分析对赛前焦虑的变化敏感。
