正常肾脏大小及其影响因素——1040 例无症状患者的 64 层 MDCT 研究。

Normal kidney size and its influencing factors - a 64-slice MDCT study of 1.040 asymptomatic patients.

机构信息

Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

出版信息

BMC Urol. 2009 Dec 23;9:19. doi: 10.1186/1471-2490-9-19.

DOI:10.1186/1471-2490-9-19

PMID:20030823

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2813848/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Normal ultrasound values for pole-to-pole kidney length (LPP) are well established for children, but very little is known about normal kidney size and its influencing factors in adults. The objectives of this study were thus to establish normal CT values for kidney dimensions from a group of unselected patients, identify potential influencing factors, and to estimate their significance.

METHODS

In multiphase thin-slice MDCTs of 2.068 kidneys in 1.040 adults, the kidney length pole to pole (LPP), parenchymal (PW) and cortical width (CW), position and rotation status of the kidneys, number of renal arteries, pyelon width and possible influencing factors that can be visualized, were recorded from a volume data set. For length measurements, axes were adjusted individually in double oblique planes using a 3D-software. Analyses of distribution, T-tests, ANOVA, correlation and multivariate regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS

LPP was 108.5 +/- 12.2 mm for the right, and 111.3 +/- 12.6 mm for the left kidney (p < 0.0001 each). PW on the right side was 15.4 +/- 2.8 mm, slightly less than 15.9 +/- 2.7 mm on the left side (p < 0.0001), the CW was the same (6.6 +/- 1.9 mm). The most significant independent predictors for LPP, CW, and PW were body size, BMI, age, and gender (p < 0.001 each). In men, the LPP increases up to the fifth decade of life (p < 0.01). It is also influenced by the position of the kidneys, stenoses and number of renal arteries (SRA/NRA), infarctions suffered, parapelvic cysts, and absence of the contralateral kidney; CW is influenced by age, position, parapelvic cysts, NRA and SRA, and the PW is influenced in addition by rotation status (p < 0.05 each). Depending on the most important factors, gender-specific normal values were indicated for these dimensions, the length and width in cross section, width of the renal pelvis, and parenchyma-renal pyelon ratio.

CONCLUSIONS

Due to the complex influences on kidney size, assessment should be made individually. The most important influencing factors are BMI, height, gender, age, position of the kidneys, stenoses and number of renal arteries.

摘要

背景

poles-to-pole 肾长度（LPP）的正常超声值已在儿童中得到很好的确立，但成人肾脏大小及其影响因素的相关知识却很少。因此，本研究的目的是建立一组未选择患者的 CT 肾脏各维度的正常参考值，确定潜在的影响因素，并评估其重要性。

方法

在 1040 例成人 2068 例肾脏的多期薄层 MDCT 中，从体数据集记录肾脏的长度 pole to pole（LPP）、实质（PW）和皮质宽度（CW）、肾脏位置和旋转状态、肾动脉数量、肾盂宽度和可能可视化的影响因素。对于长度测量，使用 3D 软件在双斜平面上单独调整轴。进行分布分析、T 检验、方差分析、相关性和多元回归分析。

结果

右侧 LPP 为 108.5 +/- 12.2mm，左侧 LPP 为 111.3 +/- 12.6mm（p<0.0001）。右侧 PW 为 15.4 +/- 2.8mm，略小于左侧 PW（15.9 +/- 2.7mm）（p<0.0001），CW 相同（6.6 +/- 1.9mm）。LPP、CW 和 PW 的最显著独立预测因子为体型、BMI、年龄和性别（p<0.001）。在男性中，LPP 可增加至第五个十年（p<0.01）。它还受肾脏位置、狭窄和肾动脉数量（SRA/NRA）、梗塞、肾盂旁囊肿和对侧肾脏缺失的影响；CW 受年龄、位置、肾盂旁囊肿、NRA 和 SRA 的影响，PW 还受旋转状态的影响（p<0.05）。根据最重要的因素，为这些维度、横截面上的长度和宽度、肾盂宽度和实质-肾盂比值，指示了性别特异性的正常值。