Emamian S A, Nielsen M B, Pedersen J F, Ytte L
Department of Radiology and Ultrasound, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993 Jan;160(1):83-6. doi: 10.2214/ajr.160.1.8416654.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal sonographic measurements of the kidney in adult volunteers.
Length, width, and thickness of the kidney and its central echogenic area and the parenchymal thickness of the upper pole were measured in an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 665 volunteers 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years old. Measurements were made with the volunteers prone. Volumes of the kidney, the central echogenic area, and the renal parenchyma were calculated. Renal dimensions and renal and parenchymal volume were correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, and total body area. In 94 subjects, renal length was measured with the volunteers supine also.
Median renal lengths were 11.2 cm on the left side and 10.9 cm on the right side. Median renal volumes were 146 cm3 in the left kidney and 134 cm3 in the right kidney. Renal size decreased with age, almost entirely because of parenchymal reduction. Renal volume correlated best with total body area. Renal length correlated best with body height. Measurements of renal length obtained with the subjects supine were not significantly different from those obtained with the subjects prone.
The most exact measurement of renal size is renal volume, which showed the strongest correlation with height, weight, and total body area. Clinically, measurement of renal length is most practical and can be done with the subject prone or supine.
本研究旨在调查成年志愿者肾脏的正常超声测量值。
对665名年龄分别为30、40、50、60和70岁的志愿者进行分层随机抽样，按年龄和性别分组，测量肾脏的长、宽、厚及其中央回声区，以及上极实质厚度。测量时志愿者取俯卧位。计算肾脏、中央回声区和肾实质的体积。将肾脏尺寸、肾脏及实质体积与年龄、身高、体重、体重指数和体表面积进行相关性分析。在94名受试者中，还测量了志愿者仰卧位时的肾脏长度。
左侧肾脏长度中位数为11.2 cm，右侧为10.9 cm。左肾体积中位数为146 cm³，右肾为134 cm³。肾脏大小随年龄增长而减小，几乎完全是由于实质减少。肾体积与体表面积的相关性最好。肾长度与身高的相关性最好。受试者仰卧位时测得的肾长度与俯卧位时测得的无显著差异。
肾脏大小最准确的测量指标是肾体积，其与身高、体重和体表面积的相关性最强。临床上，测量肾长度最实用，受试者俯卧位或仰卧位均可进行。
