Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Bipolar Disorders Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2009 Nov;70(11):e41. doi: 10.4088/JCP.8125tx6c.
Pediatric-onset bipolar disorder is common but often difficult to diagnose in younger patients. Clinicians should be sure to establish the presence of a full manic episode to make the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder. Because adult criteria are used for children and adolescents, clinicians also should be aware of developmental norms that can help to make an accurate diagnosis. Bipolar disorder NOS and other disorders in children and adolescents may be prodromal states for bipolar disorder, especially in the presence of a positive family history.
儿童期起病的双相障碍较为常见，但在较年轻的患者中往往难以诊断。临床医生应确保确立完整的躁狂发作，以做出双相 I 障碍的诊断。由于成人标准适用于儿童和青少年，临床医生还应了解有助于做出准确诊断的发育正常标准。双相障碍未特定型和儿童及青少年中的其他障碍可能是双相障碍的前驱状态，尤其是在阳性家族史存在的情况下。
