Lankry Dikla, Gazit Roi, Mandelboim Ofer
The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Methods Mol Biol. 2010;612:249-73. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-362-6_17.
Different cellular immune responses are modulated by the cross talk between activating and inhibitory signaling pathways initiated via different cell surface receptors. Similarly, the killing of NK cells is controlled by multiple activating and inhibitory surface receptors. In humans, the major NK triggering receptors, identified so far, include NKp80, 2B4 NKG2D, and CD16 and the natural cytotoxic receptors (collectively named NCRs) include NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30. The two major families of MHC-specific inhibitory receptors identified in humans are the Ig superfamily (KIR and LIR) and the C-type lectin (CD94/NKG2A) receptor superfamily. The different inhibitory receptors show diverse specificity and discriminate between different class I MHC proteins. Much is known about the function and expression patterns of the different NK cell receptors, but the ligand identity of several of the activating NK cell receptors is yet to be discovered. This chapter introduces several research tools that can be used to uncover the identities of different ligands for NK cell receptors.
不同的细胞免疫反应是由通过不同细胞表面受体启动的激活信号通路和抑制信号通路之间的相互作用所调节的。同样，自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）的杀伤作用也受多种激活性和抑制性表面受体的控制。在人类中，目前已鉴定出的主要NK细胞触发受体包括NKp80、2B4、NKG2D和CD16，而自然细胞毒性受体（统称为NCRs）包括NKp46、NKp44和NKp30。在人类中鉴定出的两大主要MHC特异性抑制性受体家族是免疫球蛋白超家族（KIR和LIR）和C型凝集素（CD94/NKG2A）受体超家族。不同的抑制性受体表现出不同的特异性，并能区分不同的I类MHC蛋白。关于不同NK细胞受体的功能和表达模式已了解很多，但仍有几种激活性NK细胞受体的配体身份尚未被发现。本章介绍了几种可用于揭示NK细胞受体不同配体身份的研究工具。
