Belke B, Leder H, Harsanyi G, Carbon C C
Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010 Feb;133(2):191-202. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.11.007. Epub 2009 Dec 24.
We investigated whether art is distinguished from other real world objects in human cognition, in that art allows for a special memorial representation and identification based on artists' specific stylistic appearances. Testing art-experienced viewers, converging empirical evidence from three experiments, which have proved sensitive to addressing the question of initial object recognition, suggest that identification of visual art is at the subordinate level of the producing artist. Specifically, in a free naming task it was found that art-objects as opposed to non-art-objects were most frequently named with subordinate level categories, with the artist's name as the most frequent category (Experiment 1). In a category-verification task (Experiment 2), art-objects were recognized faster than non-art-objects on the subordinate level with the artist's name. In a conceptual priming task, subordinate primes of artists' names facilitated matching responses to art-objects but subordinate primes did not facilitate responses to non-art-objects (Experiment 3). Collectively, these results suggest that the artist's name has a special status in the memorial representation of visual art and serves as a predominant entry point in recognition in art perception.
我们研究了在人类认知中，艺术是否与其他现实世界的物体有所区别，因为艺术能够基于艺术家独特的风格外观，形成一种特殊的记忆表征和识别方式。针对有艺术鉴赏经验的观众进行测试，来自三个实验的一致实证证据表明，视觉艺术的识别处于创作艺术家的从属层面，这三个实验已被证明对解决初始物体识别问题很敏感。具体而言，在一项自由命名任务中，研究发现与非艺术物体相比，艺术物体最常被归为从属层面的类别，其中艺术家的名字是最常见的类别（实验1）。在一项类别验证任务中（实验2），在从属层面上，带有艺术家名字的艺术物体比非艺术物体被识别得更快。在一项概念启动任务中，艺术家名字的从属启动词促进了对艺术物体的匹配反应，但从属启动词并未促进对非艺术物体的反应（实验3）。总体而言，这些结果表明，艺术家的名字在视觉艺术的记忆表征中具有特殊地位，并且在艺术感知的识别过程中作为一个主要的切入点。
