Department of Economics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-2240, United States.
J Health Econ. 2010 Mar;29(2):250-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.11.016. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
We empirically investigate the effect of tolerance for gays on the spread of HIV in the United States. Using a state-level panel dataset spanning the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s, we find that tolerance is negatively associated with the HIV rate. We then investigate the causal mechanisms potentially underlying this relationship. We find evidence consistent with the theory that tolerance for homosexuals causes low-risk men to enter the pool of homosexual partners, as well as causes sexually active men to substitute away from underground, anonymous, and risky behaviors, both of which lower the HIV rate.
我们通过实证研究考察了美国社会对同性恋的包容度对艾滋病毒传播的影响。利用一个涵盖 20 世纪 70 年代中期至 90 年代中期的州级面板数据集，我们发现，对同性恋的包容度与艾滋病毒感染率呈负相关。接着，我们探究了可能存在于这种关系背后的因果机制。我们发现的证据与同性恋包容度导致低风险男性进入同性恋伴侣群体，以及导致活跃的男性转而避免地下、匿名和高风险行为的理论相符，这两种行为都降低了艾滋病毒感染率。
