Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2010 Feb;75(2):511-9. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.10.032. Epub 2009 Nov 22.
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy have been used to examine 15th century mediaeval and 16th century renaissance vault paintings in the Our Lady's Cathedral (Antwerp, Belgium) in view of their restoration. The use of mobile instruments made it possible to work totally non-destructively. This complementary approach yields information on the elemental (XRF) and on the molecular composition (Raman) of the pigments. For the 15th century vault painting the pigments lead-tin yellow (Pb(2)SnO(4)), lead white (2PbCO(3)xPb(OH)(2)), vermilion (HgS), massicot (PbO) and azurite (2CuCO(3).Cu(OH)(2)) could be identified. The pigments used for the 16th century vault painting could be identified as red lead (Pb(3)O(4)), hematite (Fe(2)O(3)), lead white (2PbCO(3)xPb(OH)(2)) and azurite (2CuCO(3)xCu(OH)(2)). For both paintings the presence of the strong Raman scatterer calcite (CaCO(3)) resulted in a difficult identification of the pigments by Raman spectroscopy. The presence of gypsum (CaSO(4)x2H(2)O) on the mediaeval vault painting probably indicates that degradation took place.
X 射线荧光光谱（XRF）和拉曼光谱已被用于检查圣母大教堂（比利时安特卫普）的 15 世纪中世纪和 16 世纪文艺复兴时期的拱顶画，以便对其进行修复。移动仪器的使用使其能够完全非破坏性地工作。这种互补的方法提供了有关颜料的元素（XRF）和分子组成（拉曼）的信息。对于 15 世纪的拱顶画，可以识别出铅锡黄（Pb(2)SnO(4)）、铅白（2PbCO(3)xPb(OH)(2)）、朱砂（HgS）、方铅矿（PbO）和蓝铜矿（2CuCO(3).Cu(OH)(2)）。用于 16 世纪拱顶画的颜料可以鉴定为红铅（Pb(3)O(4)）、赤铁矿（Fe(2)O(3)）、铅白（2PbCO(3)xPb(OH)(2)）和蓝铜矿（2CuCO(3)xCu(OH)(2)）。对于这两幅画，由于强拉曼散射体方解石（CaCO(3)）的存在，拉曼光谱难以识别颜料。中世纪拱顶画上石膏（CaSO(4)x2H(2)O）的存在可能表明发生了降解。
