Gelzo Monica, Grimaldi Mario, Vergara Alessandro, Severino Valeria, Chambery Angela, Dello Russo Antonio, Piccioli Ciro, Corso Gaetano, Arcari Paolo
Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
Centro Internazionale per gli Studi Pompeiani, Università Suor Orsola Benincasa, Via Suor Orsola 10, I-80135 Naples, Italy.
Chem Cent J. 2014 Nov 20;8(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s13065-014-0065-0. eCollection 2014.
Although the pigment composition of Pompeian wall paintings has been the object of several studies, a comprehensive characterization of paint binder components is still lacking. This work aimed investigated at a molecular level the binder composition differences among wall paintings belonging to different periods of Pompeii's history. Analytical investigations were performed on representative samples of the first, second, third, and fourth painting styles excavated from the house of Marcus Fabius Rufus (Insula Occidentalis). The application of sensitive experimental methodologies was complemented by historical knowledge to gain insight in painting techniques and materials used by Pompeian artists.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the organic components and pigments present in powders obtained from samples of the four painting styles. No proteinaceous components were detected in the samples with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-hybrid quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography, gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of polar and non-polar components extracted from powders were used to evaluate and compare the free amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids profiles.
Pigments and natural products (lipids, gums and wheat flours) were the main components of all samples. This supports the hypothesis that artists likely used water tempera for Pompeian wall paintings. Graphical AbstractScheme of the multi-analytical approach followed to compare Pompeian paint binders composition.Scheme of the multi-analytical approach followed to compare Pompeian paint binders composition.
尽管庞贝壁画的颜料成分已成为多项研究的对象，但对绘画 binder 成分仍缺乏全面的表征。这项工作旨在从分子水平研究庞贝历史上不同时期壁画之间 binder 成分的差异。对从马库斯·法比乌斯·鲁弗斯之家（西方街区）挖掘出的第一、第二、第三和第四种绘画风格的代表性样本进行了分析研究。敏感实验方法的应用辅以历史知识，以深入了解庞贝艺术家使用的绘画技术和材料。
使用傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱研究了从四种绘画风格样本中获得的粉末中存在的有机成分和颜料。液相色谱 - 电喷雾电离 - 混合四极杆/飞行时间质谱法在样本中未检测到蛋白质成分。从粉末中提取的极性和非极性成分的液相色谱、带火焰离子化检测的气相色谱以及气相色谱 - 质谱法用于评估和比较游离氨基酸、糖和脂肪酸谱。
颜料和天然产物（脂质、树胶和小麦粉）是所有样本的主要成分。这支持了艺术家可能使用水性蛋彩画来绘制庞贝壁画的假设。比较庞贝绘画 binder 成分所采用的多分析方法示意图。比较庞贝绘画 binder 成分所采用的多分析方法示意图。
