Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS, Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Mar 2;128(1):63-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.026. Epub 2009 Dec 28.
Hedyosmum brasiliense Miq. (Chloranthaceae) is an essential Brazilian species largely found in the Atlantic Forest. It is popularly known as "cidrão" and in folk medicine, this aromatic species is widely used as a calmative/tranquilizer and to treat sleep disorders.
To examine the neurochemical properties of ethanol extract (EEHb), fractions and compounds of fresh leaves of Hedyosmum brasiliense and the antidepressant effect of the isolated sesquiterpene lactones podoandin and 13-hydroxy-8,9-dehydroshizukanolide.
MATERIALS, METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of EEHb were demonstrated by the open field, elevated-plus-maze, forced swimming, pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, PTZ-induced seizure, and inhibitory avoidance tests. EEHb did not show a protective effect against PTZ-induced convulsions. In the plus-maze test, EEHb (100mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited an anxiolytic effect through the effective enhancement of the frequency and time spent in the open arms of the maze. Conversely, the time spent and the number of entrances to the closed arms were decreased. All these effects were also completely reversed by pre-treatment with flumazenil (2.5mg/kg, i.p./a benzodiazepine receptor agonist), similar to the results observed with diazepam used as a positive standard. In this test, the anxiolytic effect of EEHb was also totally blocked by pre-treatment with reserpine (2.0mg/kg, i.p.), a drug known to induce depletion of biogenic amines. In the forced swimming test, the treatment of EEHb (100mg/kg, i.p. or 100mg/kg, p.o.) given in acute and chronic form (10, 50 and 100mg/kg), produced a decrease in immobility time, similar to that of imipramine (10mg/kg, i.p.), the positive control. The dichloromethane and hexane fractions (100mg/kg, p.o.) also produced a decrease in immobility time. In addition, the two isolated compounds tested in a single dose (10mg/kg, i.p.), the antidepressant effect was observed only with the compound podoandin, which also caused a decrease in immobility time. EEHb (10-100mg/kg) a dose-dependent manner also caused a decrease in barbiturate sleeping time in mice, and in high doses (100mg/kg), did not interfere in memory consolidation.
The results suggest that EEHb presents psychopharmacological activities, including anxiolytic, antidepressant, and hypnotic effects.
巴西金桃（金粟兰科）是一种重要的巴西物种，主要分布在大西洋森林中。它在民间俗称“cidrão”，在民间医学中，这种芳香物种被广泛用作镇静剂/安定剂，并用于治疗睡眠障碍。
研究巴西金桃鲜叶乙醇提取物（EEHb）、馏分和化合物的神经化学特性，以及分离出的倍半萜内酯 podoandin 和 13-羟基-8,9-去氢石蒜内酯的抗抑郁作用。
材料、方法和结果：通过旷场试验、高架十字迷宫试验、强迫游泳试验、戊巴比妥钠诱导睡眠时间试验、PTZ 诱导惊厥试验和抑制性回避试验证明 EEHb 的作用。EEHb 对 PTZ 诱导的惊厥没有保护作用。在高架十字迷宫试验中，EEHb（100mg/kg，ip）通过有效增加迷宫开放臂的频率和时间表现出抗焦虑作用。相反，进入封闭臂的时间和次数减少。所有这些作用都可以通过预先给予氟马西尼（2.5mg/kg，ip/苯二氮䓬受体激动剂）完全逆转，与使用安定作为阳性标准观察到的结果相似。在这个试验中，EEHb 的抗焦虑作用也被预先给予利血平（2.0mg/kg，ip）完全阻断，利血平是一种已知能引起生物胺耗竭的药物。在强迫游泳试验中，EEHb（100mg/kg，ip 或 100mg/kg，po）的急性和慢性给药形式（10、50 和 100mg/kg）都减少了不动时间，与阳性对照丙咪嗪（10mg/kg，ip）相似。二氯甲烷和正己烷馏分（100mg/kg，po）也减少了不动时间。此外，两种测试的分离化合物（10mg/kg，ip）在单次剂量下只观察到化合物 podoandin 具有抗抑郁作用，它还导致不动时间减少。EEHb（10-100mg/kg）也以剂量依赖的方式降低了巴比妥酸盐诱导的小鼠睡眠时间，高剂量（100mg/kg）不干扰记忆巩固。
结果表明，EEHb 具有精神药理学活性，包括抗焦虑、抗抑郁和催眠作用。
