Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital 2BlokA, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
Appetite. 2010 Apr;54(2):340-5. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.12.012. Epub 2010 Jan 5.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dietary supplement use among Flemish preschoolers and to investigate associations between dietary supplement use and socio-economic variables of the parents. Parentally reported 3-day estimated dietary records (n=696) were used to calculate mean daily nutrient intakes, using Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (Cside). Socio-demographic information and frequency of dietary supplement use were collected via parental questionnaires, including a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (n=1847). The results from the FFQ revealed that more than 30% of the children used dietary supplements in the past month. Children of more highly educated parents and children of non-smokers were significantly more likely to use supplements than their counterparts. The types most frequently used were multi-vitamin/mineral supplements. Except for vitamin D, mean dietary intakes derived from foods alone was higher than the minimum recommendations for both supplement and non-supplement users. The youngest group of supplement users even exceeded the tolerable upper intake level for zinc (7 mg). However, for vitamin D, dietary supplements could help meet dietary recommendations for this micronutrient. In conclusion, the results indicated that dietary supplement use by healthy children who typically achieve their micronutrient requirements by foods alone could cause excessive intakes. Future studies should investigate potential harms and benefits of dietary supplementation use among preschoolers.
本研究旨在确定佛兰芒学龄前儿童中膳食补充剂的使用情况，并探讨膳食补充剂的使用与父母的社会经济变量之间的关系。使用软件进行摄入分布估计（Cside），根据父母报告的 3 天估计饮食记录（n=696）计算平均每日营养素摄入量。通过父母问卷收集社会人口统计学信息和膳食补充剂使用频率，包括食物频率问卷（FFQ）（n=1847）。FFQ 的结果显示，过去一个月内，超过 30%的儿童使用过膳食补充剂。受教育程度较高的父母的孩子和不吸烟者的孩子比其他孩子更有可能使用补充剂。最常使用的类型是多种维生素/矿物质补充剂。除了维生素 D 以外，仅从食物中获取的平均膳食摄入量均高于补充剂和非补充剂使用者的最低推荐量。使用补充剂的儿童中，年龄最小的一组甚至超过了锌（7 毫克）的可耐受最高摄入量。但是，对于维生素 D，膳食补充剂可以帮助满足该微量营养素的饮食推荐。总之，研究结果表明，通过食物本身就能满足微量营养素需求的健康儿童使用膳食补充剂可能会导致摄入过量。未来的研究应调查学龄前儿童使用膳食补充剂的潜在危害和益处。
