Stang J, Story M T, Harnack L, Neumark-Sztainer D
Leadership, Education and Training Program in Maternal and Child Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454-1015, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Aug;100(8):905-10. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00262-5.
To examine patterns of supplement use among US adolescents and the relationship between supplement use and dietary intake and adequacy.
Adolescents self-reported 2 days of food intake using the 24-hour recall method and supplement use during a personal interview conducted as part of the 1994 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes of Individuals (CSFII).
A national sample of 423 adolescents included in the 1994 CSFII survey.
chi 2 analysis was used to determine which demographic factors were significantly related to patterns of supplement use. Weighted percentages of adolescents by category of supplement use for selected vitamins and minerals (calcium; iron; zinc; folic acid; and vitamins A, B-6, C, and E) are presented. Relationships between dietary intake of macronutrients and vitamins and minerals among adolescents and supplement use were determined using a least-squares model of general linear regression.
Approximately one-third of adolescents reported using supplements, with 15.6% of youth using them on a daily basis. The majority of supplement users reported taking multivitamins (N = 95; 65.5%) whereas only one-third of supplement users reported taking individual vitamins or minerals. Supplement use was found to vary by gender, household size, and US region of residence. Adolescents who reported using supplements had higher mean dietary intakes of most micronutrients and lower intakes of total and saturated fat than those who did not use supplements. More than one-third of adolescents had dietary intakes of vitamins A and E, calcium, and zinc that were < 75% of the US Recommended Dietary Allowance.
APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: The majority of US adolescents do not use vitamin or mineral supplements. Interestingly, adolescents who do use supplements, even on an infrequent basis, consume diets that are more nutrient-dense than those who do not use supplements. Dietary intakes of several micronutrients were inadequate among all adolescents in this study, regardless of supplement use status. There is a need to develop and implement programs aimed at improving the dietary intakes of US adolescents.
研究美国青少年补充剂的使用模式以及补充剂使用与饮食摄入和充足性之间的关系。
青少年通过24小时回忆法自行报告2天的食物摄入量，并在作为1994年个人食物摄入量持续调查（CSFII）一部分的个人访谈中报告补充剂的使用情况。
1994年CSFII调查中的423名青少年全国样本。
采用卡方分析确定哪些人口统计学因素与补充剂使用模式显著相关。列出了按选定维生素和矿物质（钙、铁、锌、叶酸以及维生素A、B-6、C和E）补充剂使用类别划分的青少年加权百分比。使用一般线性回归的最小二乘法模型确定青少年宏量营养素、维生素和矿物质的饮食摄入量与补充剂使用之间的关系。
约三分之一的青少年报告使用补充剂，15.6%的青少年每天使用。大多数补充剂使用者报告服用多种维生素（N = 95；65.5%），而只有三分之一的补充剂使用者报告服用单一维生素或矿物质。发现补充剂的使用因性别、家庭规模和美国居住地区而异。报告使用补充剂的青少年比不使用补充剂的青少年大多数微量营养素的平均饮食摄入量更高，总脂肪和饱和脂肪的摄入量更低。超过三分之一的青少年维生素A和E、钙和锌的饮食摄入量低于美国推荐膳食摄入量的75%。
应用/结论：大多数美国青少年不使用维生素或矿物质补充剂。有趣的是，即使是偶尔使用补充剂的青少年，其饮食的营养密度也高于不使用补充剂的青少年。本研究中所有青少年的几种微量营养素饮食摄入量均不足，无论补充剂使用状况如何。有必要制定和实施旨在改善美国青少年饮食摄入量的计划。
