Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6.
Bioresour Technol. 2010 Apr;101(8):2713-21. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.106. Epub 2009 Dec 30.
Secondary pulp/paper-mill sludge (SPP) and sewage sludges (primary, secondary, and digested sewage sludges) were treated in supercritical water at temperatures ranging between 400 degrees Celsius and 550 degrees Celsius over 20-120 min for energy recovery. Low temperature and short reaction time favored the formation of heavy oil (HO) products, which were mainly composed of a variety of phenol and phenolic compounds, as well as some nitrogen-containing compounds, long-chain alkenes and alcohols, etc., with high gross calorific values (>36 MJ/kg). By contrast, the formation of synthetic gases, a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and other light hydrocarbons, were not significantly affected by reaction time but greatly enhanced with increasing temperature. The highest gas yield was obtained at 550 degrees Celsius, where 37.7 wt.% of the SPP (on dry basis) was converted into gases, with hydrogen yields as high as 14.5 mol H(2)/kg SPP (on a dry basis). In comparison to sewage sludges, SPP exhibited a greater capability for the production of HO and gases owing to its higher contents of volatiles and alkali metals, indicating a prospective utilization potential for SPP as a source of bio-energy.
在超临界水中，温度范围在 400 摄氏度至 550 摄氏度之间，处理二级纸浆/纸厂污泥（SPP）和污水污泥（初级、二级和消化污水污泥），以进行能量回收。低温和短反应时间有利于重油（HO）产品的形成，这些产品主要由各种酚和酚类化合物以及一些含氮化合物、长链烯烃和醇等组成，总热值较高（>36MJ/kg）。相比之下，合成气（氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、甲烷和其他轻烃的混合物）的形成不受反应时间的显著影响，但随着温度的升高而大大增强。在 550 摄氏度下获得了最高的气体产率，其中 37.7wt.%的 SPP（干基）转化为气体，氢气产率高达 14.5mol H(2)/kg SPP（干基）。与污水污泥相比，由于 SPP 中挥发物和碱金属含量较高，因此具有更大的生产 HO 和气体的能力，表明 SPP 作为生物能源的潜在利用潜力。
