Oliveira Manuela, Guerner-Moreira Joaquim, Mesquita Maria, Abreu Ilda
Departamento de Botanica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2009;16(2):197-204.
The effects of the climatic changes more and more frequently, favour the emergence and the development of plant diseases. Botrytis cinerea and Oidium spp. spores are often responsible for enormous productivity losses in cultures with high commercial interests such as the grapevine. This work aims to detect these airborne spores, before the emergence of lesions in Vitis vinifera. In the rural area of Amares, the seasonal distribution of the concentration of the 2 spore types, was continuously studied between 1 March-31 October (2005-2007), using a 7-day volumetric Hirst-type spore trap. These data was compared with phytopathological data. B. cinerea sporulation occurs in March-April while Oidium spp. occurs in April-May. Fluctuations were observed due to the influence of different meteorological factors. The emergence of the first signs of grey mould and powdery mildew were preceded by increments of B. cinerea and Oidium spp. spore concentration. The precocious detection of increasing trends in airborne spore concentration of B. cinerea and Oidium spp. can notify the probable onset of grey mould and powdery mildew leading to application of lower quantities of phytopharmaceutical products in the most favourable developmental stage.
气候变化的影响越来越频繁，有利于植物病害的出现和发展。灰葡萄孢菌和粉孢菌属的孢子常常导致具有高商业价值的作物（如葡萄树）出现巨大的产量损失。这项工作旨在在酿酒葡萄出现病斑之前检测这些空气传播的孢子。在阿马雷斯农村地区，于2005年至2007年的3月1日至10月31日期间，使用一个7天容量的赫斯特型孢子捕捉器，持续研究了这两种孢子类型浓度的季节性分布。将这些数据与植物病理学数据进行了比较。灰葡萄孢菌的孢子形成发生在3月至4月，而粉孢菌属则发生在4月至5月。由于不同气象因素的影响，观察到了波动情况。在灰霉病和白粉病的最初症状出现之前，灰葡萄孢菌和粉孢菌属的孢子浓度有所增加。对灰葡萄孢菌和粉孢菌属空气传播孢子浓度增加趋势的早期检测，可以提示灰霉病和白粉病可能的发病情况，从而能够在最有利的发育阶段使用较少量的植物药品。
