Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Jul;14(7):e560-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.08.018. Epub 2010 Jan 3.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prominent nosocomial bacterial pathogen, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The global incidence is increasing, and Latin America is no exception. This article reviews MRSA clonal distribution in Latin America and implications for clinical practice.
A PubMed literature search (1966-2008) identified 32 articles that characterized MRSA clones in Latin America.
Data from these articles show that since 1990, several epidemic MRSA clones have spread in Latin America. The multidrug-resistant Brazilian clone is widespread, especially in Brazil and Argentina, but more recently clones with susceptibility to a range of antibiotics have been detected in Brazil, whereas in Argentina, as in Chile, Colombia and Paraguay, the multidrug-resistant Cordobes/Chilean clone prevails. In Mexico, the New York/Japan clone is most frequent. Data were not available from every country and, despite the increasing prevalence of community MRSA infections, most were collected from tertiary care centers.
A variety of epidemic MRSA clones are circulating in Latin America, some of which harbor genes that encode multidrug resistance or enhanced pathogenicity. Continued collection and reporting of epidemiological data is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是一种重要的医院内细菌病原体，与较高的发病率和死亡率相关。其全球发病率正在上升，拉丁美洲也不例外。本文回顾了拉丁美洲耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的克隆分布情况及其对临床实践的影响。
通过 PubMed 文献检索（1966-2008 年），我们确定了 32 篇描述拉丁美洲耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌克隆的文章。
这些文章的数据显示，自 1990 年以来，几种流行的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌克隆在拉丁美洲传播。多药耐药的巴西克隆广泛存在，尤其是在巴西和阿根廷，但最近在巴西检测到了对多种抗生素敏感的克隆，而在阿根廷，与智利、哥伦比亚和巴拉圭一样，多药耐药的科尔多瓦/智利克隆流行。在墨西哥，纽约/日本克隆最为常见。并非所有国家都提供了数据，而且尽管社区获得性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染的流行率不断上升，但大多数数据都是从三级保健中心收集的。
拉丁美洲流行着多种耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌克隆，其中一些携带编码多药耐药或增强致病性的基因。继续收集和报告流行病学数据对于有效预防和治疗至关重要。
