Microbiology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción (IICS-UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Apr 2;12(4):e0301223. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03012-23. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is one of the major human pathogens. It could carry numerous resistance genes and virulence factors in its genome, some of which are related to the severity of the infection. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed to molecularly analyze MRSA isolates that cause invasive infections in Paraguayan children from 2009 to 2013. Ten representative MRSA isolates of the main clonal complex identified were analyzed with short-read paired-end sequencing and assessed for the virulome, resistome, and phylogenetic relationships. All the genetically linked MRSA isolates were recovered from diverse clinical sources, patients, and hospitals at broad gap periods. The pan-genomic analysis of these clones revealed three major and different clonal complexes (CC30, CC5, and CC8), each composed of clones closely related to each other. The CC30 genomes prove to be a successful clone, strongly installed and disseminated throughout our country, and closely related to other CC30 public genomes from the region and the world. The CC5 shows the highest genetic variability, and the CC8 carried the complete arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), closely related to the USA300-NAE-ACME+, identified as the major cause of CA-MRSA infections in North America. Multiple virulence and resistance genes were identified for the first time in this study, highlighting the complex virulence profiles of MRSA circulating in the country. This study opens a wide range of new possibilities for future projects and trials to improve the existing knowledge on the epidemiology of MRSA circulating in Paraguay.
The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a public health problem worldwide. The most frequent MRSA clones identified in Paraguay in previous studies (including community and hospital acquired) were the Pediatric (CC5-ST5-IV), the Cordobes-Chilean (CC5-ST5-I), the SouthWest Pacific (CC30-ST30-IV), and the Brazilian (CC8-ST239-III) clones. In this study, the pan-genomic analysis of the most representative MRSA clones circulating in invasive infection in Paraguayan children over the years 2009-2013, such as the CC30-ST30-IV, CC5-ST5-IV, and CC8-ST8-IV, was carried out to evaluate their genetic diversity, their repertoire of virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance determinants. This revealed multiple virulence and resistance genes, highlighting the complex virulence profiles of MRSA circulating in Paraguay. Our work is the first genomic study of MRSA in Paraguay and will contribute to the development of genomic surveillance in the region and our understanding of the global epidemiology of this pathogen.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是人类的主要病原体之一。它的基因组中可能携带许多耐药基因和毒力因子，其中一些与感染的严重程度有关。本研究设计了一项观察性、描述性、横断面研究，旨在对 2009 年至 2013 年期间引起巴拉圭儿童侵袭性感染的 MRSA 分离株进行分子分析。对主要克隆复合体中 10 个具有代表性的 MRSA 分离株进行了短读配对末端测序分析，并评估了毒力组、耐药组和系统发育关系。所有遗传相关的 MRSA 分离株均从不同的临床来源、患者和医院的广泛时间间隔中回收。对这些克隆的全基因组分析揭示了三个主要的不同克隆复合体（CC30、CC5 和 CC8），每个复合体由彼此密切相关的克隆组成。CC30 基因组被证明是一个成功的克隆，在我国得到了强有力的安装和传播，并与该地区和世界其他 CC30 公共基因组密切相关。CC5 显示出最高的遗传变异性，CC8 携带完整的精氨酸分解代谢移动元件（ACME），与北美 USA300-NAE-ACME+密切相关，被认为是北美的 CA-MRSA 感染的主要原因。本研究首次鉴定了多种毒力和耐药基因，突出了在我国循环的 MRSA 的复杂毒力特征。这项研究为未来的项目和试验开辟了广泛的新可能性，以提高对在巴拉圭循环的 MRSA 流行病学的现有认识。
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的日益流行是一个全球公共卫生问题。在以前的研究中，在巴拉圭确定的最常见的 MRSA 克隆（包括社区和医院获得性）是儿科（CC5-ST5-IV）、科尔多瓦-智利（CC5-ST5-I）、西南太平洋（CC30-ST30-IV）和巴西（CC8-ST239-III）克隆。在这项研究中，对 2009 年至 2013 年间在儿童侵袭性感染中循环的最具代表性的 MRSA 克隆（如 CC30-ST30-IV、CC5-ST5-IV 和 CC8-ST8-IV）进行了全基因组分析，以评估它们的遗传多样性、毒力因子库和抗微生物药物耐药决定因素。这揭示了多种毒力和耐药基因，突出了在巴拉圭循环的 MRSA 的复杂毒力特征。我们的工作是巴拉圭首例关于 MRSA 的基因组研究，将有助于该地区的基因组监测的发展，并增进我们对该病原体全球流行病学的了解。
