National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2009 Sep;4(5):426-30. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32832d9fac.
Several recent advances are permitting a detailed examination of the HIV-specific B-cell response. In this review, we summarize these advances and their implications for understanding the response to HIV during chronic infection or in vaccine.
In HIV-infected patients, aberrant B-cell phenotypes have been associated with diminished humoral responses to other pathogens. HIV-specific B cells are overrepresented in some of these abnormal subsets. Over the past 2 years, flow cytometry-based techniques have been developed to stain HIV-specific B cells. These techniques are permitting a re-examination of frequency, phenotype, and function of HIV-specific B cells. They are also permitting the isolation of HIV-specific B cells in high purity. Immunoglobulin G from sorted HIV-specific B cells is oligoclonal, uses a limited repertoire of immunoglobulin genes, and targets multiple epitopes on Env.
It is likely that the defects found in total B cells in HIV-infected patients also play a role in the poorly effective HIV-specific antibody response. A subset of HIV-infected patients produced broadly neutralizing antibodies. Understanding this antibody response, and the B cells that underlie it, may be critical in efforts to elicit neutralizing antibodies against HIV.
最近的一些进展使我们能够详细研究 HIV 特异性 B 细胞反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些进展及其对理解慢性感染或疫苗接种期间 HIV 反应的意义。
在 HIV 感染患者中，异常的 B 细胞表型与对其他病原体的体液免疫反应减弱有关。在这些异常亚群中，HIV 特异性 B 细胞过度表达。在过去的 2 年中，已经开发出基于流式细胞术的技术来染色 HIV 特异性 B 细胞。这些技术正在重新检查 HIV 特异性 B 细胞的频率、表型和功能。它们还允许以高纯度分离 HIV 特异性 B 细胞。从分选的 HIV 特异性 B 细胞中分离出的免疫球蛋白 G 是寡克隆的，使用有限的免疫球蛋白基因库，并且针对Env 上的多个表位。
在 HIV 感染患者中，总 B 细胞中发现的缺陷很可能也在 HIV 特异性抗体反应效果不佳中起作用。一小部分 HIV 感染患者产生了广泛中和抗体。了解这种抗体反应以及其基础的 B 细胞，对于诱导针对 HIV 的中和抗体可能至关重要。
