Zorrilla-Rios J, Horn G W, McNew R W
Anim. Sci. Dept., Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078-0425.
J Anim Sci. 1991 Jan;69(1):283-94. doi: 10.2527/1991.691283x.
The effects of ammoniation of wheat straw on site and extent of digestion of nutrients by cattle and the nutritive value of the N added to the straw were studied using eight Hereford steers during three consecutive 21-d periods and analyzed in an incomplete block design with steers and periods as orthogonal blocking factors. The steers, approximately 30 mo old and weighing 360 +/- 24 kg, were cannulated in the rumen, duodenum and ileum. Diets consisted of untreated (US) or ammoniated (AS) wheat straw supplemented with a mineral-vitamin mixture. Steers fed US received four supplements in which the percentages of supplemental N from soybean meal (SBM) and urea were 0:100; 33:67; 67:33 or 100:0. Percentage of N and in vitro DM digestibility values were increased in US by the ammoniation process from .42 to 1.82 and 34.8 to 54.3, respectively. Total tract digestibility of OM consumed was similar among treatments, although total tract digestibility of dietary N was decreased by ammoniation. Ammoniation doubled (P less than .05) the synthesis of microbial N per unit of dietary OM truly fermented in the rumen. When SBM and urea were fed in combination they depressed (P less than .10) microbial N flow and synthesis of microbial N per unit of OM truly fermented more than each depressed flow and synthesis individually. The nutritive value of the increased N of AS was equivalent to between 67 and 100% of SBM N based on amounts (g/d) of non-ammonia N apparently digested in the small intestine.
利用八头赫里福德阉牛，在连续三个21天的周期内，研究了小麦秸秆氨化对牛营养物质消化部位和消化程度的影响，以及添加到秸秆中的氮的营养价值，并采用不完全区组设计进行分析，将阉牛和周期作为正交区组因素。这些阉牛大约30月龄，体重360±24千克，在瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠处安装了瘘管。日粮由未处理（US）或氨化（AS）的小麦秸秆补充矿物质-维生素混合物组成。饲喂US的阉牛接受四种补充剂，其中来自豆粕（SBM）和尿素的补充氮的百分比分别为0:100；33:67；67:33或100:0。通过氨化过程，US中氮的百分比和体外干物质消化率值分别从0.42提高到1.82，从34.8提高到54.3。各处理间消耗的有机物质的全消化道消化率相似，尽管氨化降低了日粮氮的全消化道消化率。氨化使瘤胃中每单位真正发酵的日粮有机物质的微生物氮合成增加了一倍（P<0.05）。当同时饲喂SBM和尿素时，它们对微生物氮流量和每单位真正发酵的有机物质的微生物氮合成的抑制作用（P<0.10）比单独使用时更大。基于小肠中明显消化的非氨氮量（克/天），AS中增加的氮的营养价值相当于SBM氮的67%至100%。
