The Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Feb 1;44(3):1144-51. doi: 10.1021/es901971a.
Nanoparticles (NPs) are reported to be a potential environmental health hazard. For organisms living in the aquatic environment, there is uncertainty on exposure because of a lack of understanding and data regarding the fate, behavior, and bioavailability of the nanomaterials in the water column. This paper reports on a series of integrative biological and physicochemical studies on the uptake of unmodified commercial nanoscale metal oxides, zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO(2)), and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), from the water and diet to determine their potential ecotoxicological impacts on fish as a function of concentration. Particle characterizations were performed and tissue concentrations were measured by a wide range of analytical methods. Definitive uptake from the water column and localization of TiO(2) NPs in gills was demonstrated for the first time by use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Significant uptake of nanomaterials was found only for cerium in the liver of zebrafish exposed via the water and ionic titanium in the gut of trout exposed via the diet. For the aqueous exposures undertaken, formation of large NP aggregates (up to 3 mum) occurred and it is likely that this resulted in limited bioavailability of the unmodified metal oxide NPs in fish.
纳米粒子（NPs）被报道为一种潜在的环境健康危害。对于生活在水生环境中的生物，由于缺乏对纳米材料在水柱中的命运、行为和生物利用度的理解和数据，存在暴露的不确定性。本文报告了一系列综合的生物和物理化学研究，研究了未修饰的商业纳米尺度金属氧化物（氧化锌（ZnO）、二氧化铈（CeO（2））和二氧化钛（TiO（2））从水中和饮食中被吸收的情况，以确定其作为浓度函数对鱼类的潜在生态毒理学影响。通过多种分析方法进行了颗粒特性表征和组织浓度测量。首次通过相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）显微镜证明了 TiO（2）纳米颗粒从水柱中的明确吸收和在鱼类鳃中的定位。只有在通过水暴露的斑马鱼肝脏中和通过饮食暴露的鳟鱼肠道中的离子钛中发现了纳米材料的大量吸收。对于进行的水暴露，形成了大的 NP 聚集体（高达 3 µm），这很可能导致未修饰的金属氧化物 NP 在鱼类中的生物利用度有限。
