Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Harbor Hospital, 3001 South Hanover Street, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2010 Mar;65B(2):174-84. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbp130. Epub 2010 Jan 5.
The goals of this cross-sectional study were to explore correlates of walking speed in a large wide age-ranged population and to identify factors affecting lower walking speed at older ages. Participants were 3,872 community-dwelling adults in the first follow-up of the SardiNIA study who completed a 4-m walking test. Sex-specific correlates of walking speed included marital status, height, waist circumference, pulse wave velocity, comorbidity, subjective health, strength, and personality. Effect modifiers of the age-walking speed association included extraversion (<55 years, p = .019) and education (<55 years, p = .021; > or =55 years, p = .012) in women, and openness (<55 years, p = .005), waist circumference (<55 years, p = .010), and subjective health (<55 years, p = .014) in men. The strong impact of personality suggests that certain personality traits may be associated with behaviors that affect physical performance and condition the reduced mobility mostly at younger ages. If these patterns are confirmed in longitudinal studies, personality may be an important target for prevention.
本横断面研究的目的在于探索在年龄跨度较大的人群中与步行速度相关的因素，并确定在老年时影响步行速度下降的因素。参与者为 SardiNIA 研究的首次随访中的 3872 名居住在社区的成年人，他们完成了 4 米步行测试。与步行速度相关的性别特异性因素包括婚姻状况、身高、腰围、脉搏波速度、合并症、主观健康、力量和个性。年龄-步行速度相关性的修饰因素包括外向性（<55 岁，p=0.019）和教育程度（<55 岁，p=0.021；≥55 岁，p=0.012）在女性中，以及开放性（<55 岁，p=0.005）、腰围（<55 岁，p=0.010）和主观健康（<55 岁，p=0.014）在男性中。个性的强烈影响表明，某些个性特征可能与影响身体机能的行为有关，并在较年轻的时候导致活动能力下降。如果这些模式在纵向研究中得到证实，个性可能是预防的一个重要目标。
