Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;23(2):97-102. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e328336643f.
Olfaction is a field of growing interest in schizophrenia research. This article reviews recent studies on olfactory functions in schizophrenia.
The current literature provides additional insights into olfactory deficits, abnormalities, and olfactory hedonic dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent findings reinforce particular associations with negative symptoms and deficit syndrome schizophrenia. Studies indicate that abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia extend to more peripheral olfactory structures and functions, including olfactory receptor neuron dysfunction. Olfactory identification ability was found to relate to prodromal disorganization symptoms in young high-risk patients. Further support for the notion of a genetic contribution to olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia derives from studies reporting physiological olfactory dysfunction (olfactory event-related potentials) in unaffected relatives, and an odor-specific hyposmia, present in both patients with schizophrenia and family members.
Further research is needed to improve our understanding of olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent encouraging findings underscore that the olfactory system is a field of research that holds promise for advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and possibly as a useful endophenotypic marker of neurodevelopmental vulnerability.
嗅觉是精神分裂症研究中一个日益受到关注的领域。本文综述了嗅觉功能在精神分裂症中的最新研究进展。
目前的文献提供了更多关于精神分裂症嗅觉缺陷、异常和嗅觉快感功能障碍的见解。最近的研究结果进一步证实了嗅觉异常与阴性症状和缺陷综合征精神分裂症之间的特定关联。研究表明，精神分裂症患者的异常情况不仅局限于嗅觉中枢，还扩展到外周的嗅觉结构和功能，包括嗅觉受体神经元功能障碍。研究发现，嗅觉识别能力与年轻高危患者的前驱期紊乱症状有关。进一步支持嗅觉功能障碍与精神分裂症遗传有关的观点来自于以下研究：在未受影响的亲属中报告了生理嗅觉功能障碍（嗅觉事件相关电位），以及在精神分裂症患者和家庭成员中均存在的特定气味嗅觉减退。
需要进一步的研究来提高我们对精神分裂症中嗅觉功能障碍的理解。最近令人鼓舞的研究结果表明，嗅觉系统是一个具有研究潜力的领域，可以帮助我们深入了解精神分裂症的病理生理学，并且可能成为神经发育脆弱性的有用内表型标志物。
