Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2009;2009:925297. doi: 10.1155/2009/925297. Epub 2009 Dec 20.
The composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of healthy persons and lithogenic patients were comparatively investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the main composition of urinary nanocrystals in healthy persons were calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), uric acid, and ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite). However, the main compositions of urinary nanocrystals in lithogenic patients were struvite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, uric acid, COD, and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). According to the XRD data, the size of nanocrystals was calculated to be 23 approximately 72 nm in healthy urine and 12 approximately 118 nm in lithogenic urine by Scherer formula. TEM results showed that the nanocrystals in healthy urine were dispersive and uniform with a mean size of about 38 nm. In contrast, the nanocrystals in lithogenic urine were much aggregated with a mean size of about 55 nm. The results in this work indicated that the urinary stone formation may be prevented by diminishing the aggregation and the size differentiation of urinary nanocrystals by physical or chemical methods.
采用 X 射线衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对比研究了健康人和结石患者尿液中的纳米晶体的组成和形态。结果表明，健康人尿液中纳米晶体的主要成分为二水草酸钙（COD）、尿酸和磷酸铵镁（鸟粪石）。然而，结石患者尿液中纳米晶体的主要成分是鸟粪石、β-磷酸三钙、尿酸、COD 和一水合草酸钙（COM）。根据 XRD 数据，用谢乐公式计算出健康尿液中纳米晶体的尺寸为 23 至 72nm，结石尿液中纳米晶体的尺寸为 12 至 118nm。TEM 结果表明，健康尿液中的纳米晶体分散均匀，平均尺寸约为 38nm。相比之下，结石尿液中的纳米晶体聚集程度较高，平均尺寸约为 55nm。本工作结果表明，通过物理或化学方法减少尿液纳米晶体的聚集和尺寸差异，可能预防结石形成。
