Department of Children's Orthopedics, University Hospital Pellenberg, Leuven, Belgium.
Eur J Pediatr. 2010 May;169(5):529-34. doi: 10.1007/s00431-009-1122-x. Epub 2010 Jan 6.
Static, axial, and rotational deformities of the lower extremities are very frequent in children and often a reason for clinic visits. It is important to make a difference between physiological, usually spontaneously healing conditions, and real pathology. Flatfeet and less frequently cavus feet are the main foot problems. Special attention should be paid to the cavovarus foot that often has an underlying neurological disorder. Localized foot pain has usually a very specific cause and needs further investigation. Genua valga and genua vara are typical for a given age group and correct usually spontaneously. Toeing in and toeing out are mainly cosmetic problems and can be caused by tibial or femoral rotation, very rarely by a foot deformity. Leg length discrepancy is also frequent and in most patients limited to less than 2 cm, causing no further problems. Follow-up is, however, needed because of possible increasing discrepancy during growth.
下肢的静态、轴向和旋转畸形在儿童中非常常见，往往是就诊的原因。重要的是要区分生理的、通常可自行愈合的情况和真正的病理。扁平足和较少见的高弓足是主要的足部问题。应特别注意常伴有神经障碍的内翻高弓足。局部足部疼痛通常有特定的原因，需要进一步检查。膝内翻和膝外翻是特定年龄段的典型表现，通常会自行纠正。内翻和外翻主要是美容问题，可能由胫骨或股骨旋转引起，很少由足部畸形引起。肢体长度差异也很常见，大多数患者的差异小于 2 厘米，不会造成进一步的问题。然而，由于生长过程中可能会出现差异增大，因此需要进行随访。
